Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE) // Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE)
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Browsar Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE) // Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE) efter Program "Infrastructure and environmental engineering (MPIEE), MSc"
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- Post2024(2024) Andreasson, Alice; Cederqvist , Frida; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Rosén, Lars; Lindhe, AndreasWater is essential to sustain life and the protection of water sources is an increasingly important issue. However, implementing water protection measures can be difficult due to economic factors, time constraints or political motives. Recently, the ecosystem services framework has been modified to aid in the implementation of water protection measures, which are called water system services. This thesis is focused on investigating how the concept of water system services (WSS), i.e. services provided by water sources to society, can be included when performing a risk assessment for the protection of water sources. Visualizing the WSS in an effective and informative way is a key step to show what services and the importance of the services that the water sources can provide. The water sources that are investigated in this report are Lake Mjörn and Sollebrunn-Gräfsnäs aquifer. To start the investigation, a thorough literature review on the subject of water protection and visualization was performed. A previously made list of WSS was used to identify existing services for the water sources. Identified hazards were then connected to the existing services. The identified WSS and the connection to the hazards were visualized, and if there were hazards that were also a service these were visualized as well. To exemplify, a risk assessment was then performed for one hazard at each water source. The identified WSS was given scores based on decided parameters and the specific threats of the hazards. The key result of the study is a strategy for how to incorporate WSS into risk assessment for potential or existing drinking water sources. The visualizations presented are examples of how the relation between WSS and hazards can be illustrated for different stakeholders and recipients. In conclusion, including WSS in the risk assessment provides a bigger picture than just looking at the service of drinking water and the developed method can be used in the process of creating a water protection area.
- PostA comparison of analytical and numerical determination of hydraulic bottom-heave - A case study of lime-cement column implementation in underpass road 2970 in Hasslerör, Sweden(2021) EMMOTH, Johan; WALLIN, Daniel; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Karlsson, Mats; Karlsson, MatsThe determination of hydraulic bottom-heave is commonly derived by simplified analytical methodologies, which yields an overview but is unable to capture the complex behaviour as possible in numerical analyses. The use of numerical analyses is ever-increasing, but the accuracy of the methodology is highly sensitive. The thesis aims to establish the differences between the analytical and numerical modelling methodologies in determination of hydraulic bottom-heave. Furthermore, lime-cement columns are studied as a possible mitigation measure against slope stability and hydraulic bottom-heave failure. The analytical analyses are based on the Swedish design guidelines, total safety method and the direct method. The numerical analyses are divided into four scenarios which encompass the Mohr-Coulomb, Soft Soil, Hardening Soil and NGI-ADP constitutive model. The analyses are based on a case study of an underpass road in Hasslerör, Sweden. Additionally, key input parameters are established in a sensitivity analysis. The analytical and numerical analyses predict that mitigation measures are required to ensure sufficient stability of the excavation. The predicted deformations and factor of safety depend on the selection of constitutive models. The sensitivity analysis implies that the selection of groundwater conditions, strength parameters and calculation type are of most importance to the results. Conclusively, the thesis implies that the analytical analyses should serve as a first order estimate to establish whether numerical modelling is necessary. Furthermore, the sensitive nature of the numerical modelling clarifies the importance of representative input data and expertise of the geotechnical engineer. The numerical analyses conclude that lime-cement columns have a stabilizing impact with regards to both slope stability and hydraulic bottom-heave failure. However, the influence of the lime-cement columns with regards to hydraulic bottom-heave cannot be considered in the current Swedish design guidelines. The thesis recommends further research and development to verify the stabilizing effects of lime-cement columns with regards to hydraulic bottom-heave.
- PostA conceptual study of BRT on highly trafficked roads - Station features and transit oriented development on parts of Väster and Söderleden(2016) Lennartsson, Erika; Olsson, Emma; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostA Method for Treatment of Organotin Contaminated Marine Sediments: Degradation, Stabilisation and Leaching(2014) Norén, Anna; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostA numerical study on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of Gothenburg clay(2022) ALASFAR, Iyas; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Dijkstra, Jelke; Dijkstra, Jelke; Abed, AymanThe study of thermal piles is one of the new and complex research areas in geotechnical engineering, where the coupled thermo-mechanical behaviour in the soil surrounding the pile needs to be understood, whether in the heating or cooling stage. This thesis focuses on studying a metal pile which is subjected to thermal loading of heating for 21 days and 13 days of cooling. Several variables were investigated during the research, such as the effect of changing the soil thermal properties (i.e., heat capacity, thermal conductivity), and changing the soil mechanical model (i.e., linear elastic, Modified Cam Clay). In addition to the temperature distribution in the soil, the developed excess pore water pressure was also investigated for several values of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient. These results were compared with the experimental study of an in-situ pile filed in the Utby in Gothenburg (Bergström, 2017). The study shows, on one hand, that the thermal flow calculations yielded a good agreement between the numerical and experimental values where the heat spreads to about 2 m from the pile, then returns to the earth natural temperature of 8.5oC. On the other hand, changing the thermal properties and changing the used soil constitutive model has minor effects on the results. Additionally, the pile mechanical loading did not affect the heat spread if compared to the case of loading free. As for the excess pore water pressure, the selected models for the numerical study could not capture the experimental measurements suggesting that a more advanced soil model is needed to replicate the thermal effects on the excess pore water pressure.
- PostA performance analysis of a congested multimodal intersection using VISSIM: A case study of Åkareplatsen, Göteborg(2024) Paulsson, Måns; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Gao, Kun; Parishwad, OmkarÅkareplatsen is a complex intersection in the city centre of Gothenburg, Sweden’s second-largest city, that is utilised by buses, trams, cars, trucks, bicyclists and pedestrians. Since the rebuilding in 2018, Åkareplatsen has been struck by recurring congestion, gridlocks and accidents. To study this roundabout with tram-crossing traffic, a model created in VISSIM was analysed, calibrated and validated using 2024 traffic data. This study is limited to what is possible wihtin the bounds of VISSIM. The method primarily consisted of collecting traffic data in the field and official data, model calibration and validation, interviews, suggestions for improvements, and a stress test. To capture the stochastic variability of the model simulations, the sim ulation time was set to 3 hours in 15-minute intervals and was repeated in 10 runs. Queue length and travel time were the measures of effectiveness (MOEs) used to compare the model versions and reality during maximum traffic flow. The deviation between the simulation results and the field measurements was evaluated visually from video recordings and statistically using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The final model calibration was able to capture realistic diving behaviour and deviated by 33 minutes and 49 seconds in travel time and 104 m in queue length, an improvement compared to the original model. During validation, it was found that the calibrated model is about equal at estimating travel time and queue length during calmer and more dense traffic states. From the simulation results of suggestions for improvements, removing signal heads for tram-crossing traffic and re-routing some of the bus lines greatly reduced queues and the number of gridlocks. The stress test with a higher public density load shows that the suggested design can manage a 50 % increase in public transportation density without extensive gridlocks forming. Realistic traffic models are time-consuming to build, require a lot of data, and do not directly reflect reality. Nonetheless, they can be beneficially used to anticipate traffic-related problems, avoid potential damages they cause, and provide citizens with their need for mobility.
- PostA pilot study of the pollutant removal in bioretention for urban runoff(2019) Breuss, Judith; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Hvitt-Strömvall, Ann-MargretUrbanization has negative effects on the water quality of receiving waters due to high concentrations of pollutants in urban runoff. Bioretention systems, shallow vegetated depressions in the landscape, help reducing flow volumes as well as promoting removal of contaminants in stormwater. In this thesis field studies were performed to evaluate the hydraulic performance and pollutant removal efficiency of two installed bioretention cells for petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contaminants that have been rarely investigated in such systems. Two columns were filled with two different filter media and subsequently treated alternately with “natural” stormwater and with diesel-spiked stormwater for a period of three months. In the laboratory, influent and effluent pollutant concentrations were measured, and the filter media was analysed before and after the construction of the stormwater treatment plant. Overall the results showed consistent high reductions of TPHs and PAHs concentrations (> 99%) and minimized outflow volumes, as compared to inflow volumes in both bioretention cells. Due to the initial leaching of soil material out of the system, total suspended solids (TSS) could not be removed efficiently. It was found that an appropriate filter media is essential to attenuate runoff flow and reduce pollutant concentrations and that the bioretention system takes time to operate effectively. However, when designed and applied correctly, bioretention is a promising stormwater management practice to control pollutant concentrations and flow volumes of urban runoff.
- PostA stormwater quality analysis of future conditions in urban areas - Case study of Kvillebäcken, Gothenburg(2019) CORAP, CIHAN; LILLIEHORN, PONTUS; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Hvitt-Strömvall, Ann-MargretCities around the world are growing at a steady rate, which means they become denser with increased impervious surfaces. The imperviousness hinders the precipitation from infiltrate into the ground. The water flows as urban surface runoff, and transports pollutants trapped on the surfaces. These pollutants end up in a nearby waterbody and could potentially affect the aquatic environment and harm the organisms living there. The aim of the project was to assess how changes in land use, traffic and climate affect the stormwater quality in an urban area. The effects of exploitation and reconstruction was studied with the catchment area of the stream Kvillebäcken in Gothenburg as a case-study area. The planned constructions in the catchment area until year 2035 were mapped and simulations with six different scenarios were performed to investigate the result of densification of the area, with regards to four stormwater pollutants: copper, zinc, phosphorus and benzo(a)pyrene. The different scenarios consider the change in land use, climate, traffic and stormwater treatment measures. The result shows that the impervious area increases in the future, compared to current situation. However, with the planned stormwater treatment measures, the concentrations of the investigated pollutants in the stream Kvillebäcken decrease. Benzo(a)pyrene poses the largest problem in the future, as target concentrations are not met in the stream Kvillebäcken. Phosphorus might be a problem depending on if the proposed ponds by Sustainable Waste and Water get implemented or not, while copper and zinc do not seem to be a problem in terms of target concentrations. The conclusion is that all planned stormwater treatment measures from the zoning plans, and 50 % of the proposed ponds by Sustainable Waste and Water should be implemented to reach the targets for copper, zinc and phosphorus. Having more treatment would still not be enough to reach the target concentration for benzo(a)pyrene in the stream of Kvillebäcken due to other sources, due to benzo(a)pyrene origin from other sources than stormwater.
- PostA study of cyclists’ need for an Intelligent Transport System (ITS)(2013) RUTGERSSON, ANDREAS; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostA Study of Multimodality with Focus on the Combination of Bicycles and Trains - Technical Solutions Combined with Mobility Management and Nudging for an Effective Bicycle-Train System in Region Västra Götaland(2019) SJÖÖ, Alma; SKÖLDBERG, Lina; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Tasic, IvanaThe aim of the report is to evaluate possibilities and challenges regarding bicycles on trains, and to apply the found knowledge to a case in the Region Västra Götaland. The goal is to combine technical measures with Mobility Management and Nudging to promote the possibility. A literature study was conducted to explore the concept of multimodality and the use of services for door-to-door trips. A bicycle-train system is a viable option where both modes are sustainable and time efficient. Examples of implementations from Denmark, The Netherlands and the three big city regions in Sweden were explored. Technical measures were investigated regarding how the train and station environments should be created. The most commonly used are bicycle stands under foldable chairs or different hanging functions. Different Mobility Management and Nudging measures were further discussed. Examples of these are informational measures like implementation of real-time signs or marketing measures such as campaigns with trial bicyclists. A survey was created and distributed in order to obtain information regarding the habits and views of travellers. The survey was performed in Sweden’s three big city regions; Gothenburg, Stockholm and Malmö. The outcome was that not many bring their bicycle on the train but that a larger share is interested in the possibility if it were to be improved. The outcome was analysed in a regression model that was used to create focus groups and areas. This showed that the most important age groups are 20-29 and 40-49. Furthermore, it showed that the distance to the station is important whereas gender was not. It was discussed that since Mobility Management and Nudging are relatively new concepts within the transport sector, it was difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed measures. The report concluded in a package of measures. Hard measures expand capacity without affecting other passengers too much, through shared spaces with possibilities to fasten the bicycles. Clear information and communication are important in all stages. The number of spaces should be in line with a proposed EU guideline of a minimum of eight dedicated spaces.
- PostA study of Risk analysis of delay times for goods transport traffic accidents on the routes Hisingsleden and Lundbyleden in Gothenburg(2014) GUSTAVSSON, JOHANNA; PÅLSSON, LISA; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostAccessibility evaluation of Kungsmässan shopping centre with traffic simulation. A case study in Kungsbacka municipality, Sweden.(2012) Faura, Ignasi; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostAdvantages and disadvantages of deep soil mixing versus stone columns in soft soil(2024) Einarsson, Sofia; Persson, Linda; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Karstunen, Minna; Karstunen, MinnaUrbanization has lead to a scarcity of suitable land for new infrastructure, resulting in constructions being built on unsuitable soft soil. To counter this, deep foundations and ground improvement techniques are used to enhance the stiffness and strength of the soil and mitigate risks. There is also a growing emphasis on sustainable construction to reduce the carbon foot print. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the differences between deep soil mixing and stone columns to understand the advantages and disadvantages with the methods. To accomplish this aim both a literature review and numerical analyses was conducted. The literature review focused on giving relevant background to the methods. The review covers an introduction to ground improvement followed by more detailed chapters about deep soil mixing and stone columns, including general information, different applications and the installation process as well as some specific details related to each method. The numerical analyses were conducted in Plaxis 2D using a unit cell approach. The analyses were carried out for end-bearing columns with parameters from two distinct locations, Östra berg and Väg 160. The aim of the numerical analyses were to evaluate the differences between the methods, as well as the impact of different aspects including ground conditions, embankment height and cc-spacing. The results of the numerical analyses showed that deep soil mixing is slightly more effective for reducing final settlements. However, considering other aspects such as rate of consolidation, stone columns are more favourable. The high permeability in the stone columns accelerates the settlements leading to increased settlements during construction and decreased post-construction settlements. In addition to the numerical analyses described above a sensitivity analysis was conducted. The sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters that the model is most sensitive to are permeability and preconsolidation pressure, thus OCR or POP. The results from the literature study showed that the main advantage with stone columns are the smaller environmental impact compared to deep soil mixing, which is also strengthened with the simplified carbon calculation made as part of this project. The main advantage with deep soil mixing is the extensive knowledge about the method and its successful application in many projects in Sweden.
- PostAerobic Granular Sludge – Study of Applications for Industrial and Domestic Wastewater(2014) Moustafa, Tamara; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostAlternative foundation techniques in urban environment. A study of European piling techniques and methods for retaining structures.(2013) BORG, THOMAS; ULVÅS, ERIK; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostAlternative Methods for Quick-Clay Mapping(2022) Sundström, Lisa; Waerme, Alexander; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Karlsson, Mats; Karlsson, MatsConstruction and development in quick-clay areas is often associated with great challenges. The conventional method for confirming quick-clay deposits in Sweden is undisturbed soil sampling and subsequent laboratory testing. Reliable geotechnical field investigation methods that could reduce the need for time consuming and costly undisturbed soil sampling with following laboratory work has for a long time been desired in the geotechnical industry. The overall objective of this thesis has been to test three methods that potentially could be used to simplify the process of quick-clay mapping. Two of the methods focused on refining existing geotechnical field investigation methods. First, multiple cone penetration tests (CPT) were performed in the exact same location. Second, a cyclic T-bar penetration test (TPTc) was performed by letting the T-bar penetrometer circulate between two predefined depths before being penetrated down to another cyclic level. Both methods were executed to obtain data that was then used to evaluate the undisturbed and remoulded undrained shear strengths. The main finding when performing three consecutive CPT soundings were that it could not be seen as a reliable method for evaluation of the remoulded undrained shear strength. A decrease in penetration resistance was however noted, which is implying that the clay gets disturbed. Uncertainties related to difficulties with performing all soundings following the same path and uncertainties regarding if the consecutive soundings are remoulding the clay enough, where the main difficulties found. The evaluated undrained shear strength from the TPTc proved to give reasonable results for the undisturbed undrained shear strength. For the remoulded conditions the results showed that at depth where sufficiently many cycles were made, the remoulded undrained shear strength corresponded well with the laboratory results. There are uncertainties regarding the correction factor for evaluation of the undrained shear strength since there is yet no empirical relation for what correction factor to use. The third and last method was focusing on developing statistical tools to potentially find relations between results from field- and laboratory investigations. One method that was tested were to perform a statistical analysis using principal component analysis (PCA). The results of that analysis showed no clear relations between the parameters collected from laboratory results and parameters collected from field results, at least not on a regional scale. Another method was to evaluate the impact of draining soil layers on the formation of quick clay. The distance to a draining layer was compared to the corresponding remoulded undrained shear strength evaluated with fall cone test. The comparison did however not show any strong general correlations.
- PostAn app as a tool for future bicycle planning in Gothenburg Evaluation of a bicycle track by using generated data from the function Min cykeltur(2014) AALTO, JOHANNA; NYSTRÖM, JOHANNA; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- PostAn Evaluation of the Logical Framework Approach in a Small-scale Aid Project - A Case Study on Infrastructure Improvements at Mkula Hospital in Tanzania(2019) Schön, Hanna; Axelsson, Rebecca; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- PostAn investigation of fluorescent organic matter in water during springtime at Borgunda water treatment plant(2023) KARLSSON, EIRA; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik (ACE); Murphy, KathleenAn analysis of fluorescent organic matter was performed at Borgunda drinking water treatment plant. The plant draws water from the lake Vättern and provides about 100 000 consumers with drinking water. Previous spring seasons, the plant experienced problems with their sand filters being clogged and occasionally complaints have been made about an unpleasant taste and odour from the water. It is likely that these problems are caused by organic matter such as algae bloom. The objective of the thesis was to investigate how the composition of the water changed over time, how it changed over sand filters and if the sand filters gave different results. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the intake of the raw water, before and after sand filtration at Borgunda treatment plant, using fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition to this, three hypotheses were formulated such as; the fluorophore signal will increase with warmer temperature, with eastern wind direction and the presence of algae can be linked to operational problems in the sand filter. To investigate, a sampling campaign was performed at seven occasions during the spring season at the raw water, incoming water to the plant, outflow of each sand filter, after UV radiation and of the outgoing water. The samples were analysed in the laboratory by using fluorescence, absorbance, and dissolved organic matter measurements. The PARAFAC model was applied and showed that chlorophyll was found in the raw water, incoming and outgoing water. Two components above wavelengths of 550 nm were found that likely correspond to more than one algae species. During a visible pollution event on the surface in one of the sand filters, samples were also analysed in microscope and found diatoms and green algae. The removal performance of the sand filters was analysed, and results indicate that there are biofilms in the sand filters that during the sample period sometimes produce material that increases the fluorescence signal. Sand filer 2 most frequently had worse removal or was producing stronger signals when compared to the other sand filters. Sand filter 3 overall had the best removal performance over the sampling period. No clear connection could be found between the increasing temperature and increased signal in fluorescence components. The eastern wind direction could however be linked to increased signals and is a possible explanation for increased organic material, causing problems in sand filters. Future studies are recommended to investigate the impact of snowmelt and increased flow in runoff streams, that bring nutrient and enables phytoplankton growth in, on surface waters used as drinking water sources.
- PostAnalysis and FE-modelling of soil displacement associated to pile driving - A case study of pile installation at Gamlestadstorget(2016) Nguyen, David; HERNQVIST, HENRIK; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknik; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering