Transport environmental impacts in cities and sustainability: Martinique island case study, French West Indies.
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Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master Thesis
Master Thesis
Program
Publicerad
2012
Författare
Roucoules, Mathilde
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
This Master Thesis work has been done to assess the unsustainability of the transport policy defined for years in urbanised areas to answer to the increasing demand of people for mobility. The chosen case study is Martinique island, based in French West Indies, a small territory divided upon three association of metropolitan areas, not so much densely crowded, but encountering worrying environmental impacts and high traffic congestion issues. An assumption is to consider the island as one single urbanised area as major economic and residential poles are concentrated in the island center. Sustainable transport principles have been used to assess the transport policy current situation. People are indeed favoring the use of private car mean of transport partly because the other existing alternatives, especially public buses transports networks, are not efficiently functioning to compete with private cars. Lack of communication among the different transport organising authorities leads to the difficulty in achieving inter modality, while most inhabitants are daily evolving on at least two out of the three metropolitan areas. In practice many improvements are to be done, from ticket fare homogenization to punctuality, but it is also necessary to stop the rivalry between public buses and taxicos, two major road public transports. Eventually, one displacement leading to main traffic congestion issues has been especially studied: commuting to work. For that purpose a flow model has been defined, calculating carbon dioxide emissions as well as fuel consumption with current situation. From this model three scenarios of alternative mobility systems have been set up to demonstrate that a diversified transport system was achieving best environmental impacts reductions compared with current situation. Besides, the comparison of these scenarios revealed that an efficient use of private cars, i.e with a high occupancy rate, was achieving better results than with public transports, which raises the question of the private car place in a city policy transport. A more precise model is yet to be defined to more deeply assess the environmental impacts of all people’s displacements in Martinique island, denying or supporting this Master Thesis findings. The report is written in English. Keywords: Martinique island, sustainable transport, city, environmental impacts
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
Energi , Hållbar utveckling , Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap , Samhällsbyggnadsteknik , Naturresursteknik , Industriell bioteknik , Energy , Sustainable Development , Earth and Related Environmental Sciences , Civil Engineering , Environmental Engineering , Industrial Biotechnology