Energy Efficient Bus Terminals A study of how internal loads and design choices affect the energy usage in the Nils Ericson terminal
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Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master Thesis
Master Thesis
Program
Structural engineering and building technology (MPSEB), MSc
Publicerad
2013
Författare
Lindström, Cajsa
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
The public transport system is in constant development, leading to construction of new bus terminal buildings. Unlike other types of buildings is research on energyefficient bus terminals relatively underdeveloped. The effect of design characteristics and design choices on energy demand of bus terminals has therefore been investigated in this thesis. Construction of new bus terminal buildings can increase the development of its surrounding. An increased quality of the environment for waiting areas, which enclosed bus terminals contributes to, increases the quality of the entire travel which in return also leads to an increase of travelers. Toilets, controlled indoor climate and sense of security are examples affecting the environmental quality. This combined with the fact that these types of buildings handle large volumes of people makes them complex buildings and complicates an energy efficient design. The traveler load and thereby the occupant load is the hardest parameter to define during the design of energy efficient bus terminals. This is because the amount of traveler varies widely over the day but also because the variations over the years may change significantly. The traveler load is then also strongly connected to the frequency of open and closed entrances, which affect the energy demand. A simulation study of the Nils Ericson terminal, located in the city center of Gothenburg, was conducted in IDA ICE. Results from the study showed that the largest energy losses were caused by infiltration from entrances and poor performance on the building envelope. Analyzes, conducted in this thesis, show that the effect of infiltration losses caused by opening of entrances affects the energy demand in greater extent than the emitted heat within the building. Revolving doors also proved to be the most efficient entrance solution but swinging doors with 90ᵒ vestibule also showed good performance. Less infiltration did cause an increased need for mechanical ventilation. With evaluations between heat gains, frequency of people and infiltration losses could a waiting hall be designed without a mechanical ventilation system and maintain comfortable indoor temperatures and CO2 levels.
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
Building Futures , Byggnadsteknik , Building Futures , Building engineering