Demand Side Management Potential in Swedish Households

Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master Thesis
Program
Sustainable energy systems (MPSES), MSc
Publicerad
2014
Författare
Puranik, Sanket
Modellbyggare
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Sammanfattning
With intermittent renewable power being integrated in the power system, which is targeted to increase in the future as countries attain their renewable energy goals, there has been increased concern over solving the problem of intermittency. Demand Side Management (DSM) is an energy management concept which targets the demand side of the energy system and has gained lot of attention in recent times because of its potential to solve the issue of intermittency. Load shifting is one of the DSM measures which intends at shifting the demand towards more favourable time periods. Electricity consumption in Swedish households holds a significant share of Sweden’s total electricity consumption (around 29%). The possibility of getting charged for consumed electricity on hourly cost basis in Sweden has also opened an opportunity for electricity consumers to reduce their electricity costs by managing their loads. This thesis work investigates the potential for DSM in the form of load shifting common residential electrical loads in Swedish households. The loads examined are dishwasher, laundry and water heater loads. The possible effect on the load curve at a national level is also analysed. Further analysis has been made to estimate possible monetary savings that can be attained by consumers through load shifting. An optimization model built on a GAMS platform is used to calculate a shifting of load in order to minimize yearly cost of consuming electricity. The model is based on linear and mixed integer programming which gives least-cost load curve as an output. The Swedish households are divided into various archetypes, and for each of these a monetary saving potential is calculated. The scaling up of the results from the model is done based on statistical data available for Sweden to calculate the load shifting potential on the national level. The results indicate a significant load shift potential with reduction in peak hours reaching 6% of the peak load. However, savings in monetary terms for individual households is quite modest (~100 SEK) pointing towards a low motivation for consumers to manage their loads. The results also show that the water heating load forms a large part of the load which can be shifted and this load shift is highly seasonal. Thus the overall potential depends upon level of hourly price fluctuation and the season.
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
Energi , Energisystem , Energy , Energy Systems
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