Estimating freight deliveries in urban environments - An application to Frihamnen
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Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master Thesis
Master Thesis
Program
Supply chain management (MPSCM), MSc
Publicerad
2015
Författare
Guldbrand, Sofia
Johansson, Linda
Westblom, Lovisa
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
Urban areas are nowadays the living environment of the vast majority of the population. In Sweden, almost 90% of the population lives in cities and this number is expected to increase. The trend of urbanisation clearly affects how cities are developed since cities are densified and needs reconstruction and further development to be more attractive. Moreover, there is an increasing interest for sustainable urban development, which implies improving the quality of life in cities without leaving a burden on the future generations. Furthermore, freight transportation is essential to serve people living in urban areas but it is also one of the most significant contributors to environmental impacts. Freight traffic is an expression of transport needs, which are determined by the amount of goods consumed in an urban area and the logistical decisions made by local establishments. The receivers of goods determine the final need for transport in an urban area and therefore it is important to describe and quantify the amount of goods that are needed by establishments and urban citizens. This thesis was initiated in connection to the planning of a new sustainable city centre called Frihamnen in the city of Gothenburg and a project called Dencity that aims to study the prerequisites for including personal and goods mobility early in the city planning process. The purpose of this thesis is to “describe and forecast freight deliveries to establishments and residential units in urban areas”. To fulfil the purpose, two research questions were formulated, one that addresses which attributes of an establishment that determine the amount of goods and freight traffic it attracts and which models that can predict future freight demand. The second research question studies how the development of e-commerce can affect the freight system in urban areas. To answer the first research question a literature review was conducted to formulate hypotheses on establishment attributes affecting amount of goods and freight attracted, and data were collected through a questionnaire study and case studies in Gothenburg. The findings indicate that the attributes that determine the amount of goods, volume attracted, are the number of employees and the size of the establishment. While, the attributes that have strongest significance on freight traffic are establishment area, storage area, numbers of employees, numbers of carriers and number of suppliers. The best explanatory variable for freight attraction differs between the five classification groups; only the same significant variable is seen for two groups. Moreover, the best explanatory variable within each group was used to develop explanatory models and number of employees and establishment size were used to develop predicting models for the future demand in Frihamnen. It is concluded that the forecasting models can be used early in planning processes of new urban areas and the explanatory models to establish restrictions on establishments to reduce the freight traffic in urban areas. Furthermore, findings indicate that the data collected from the questionnaire and the case studies varies significantly, why further research could focus on understanding these differences. Furthermore, an extensive literature review and interviews were performed to analyse predicting patterns for freight deliveries based on development in the e-commerce business. It is concluded that the e-commerce business most likely will increase in the future which means that goods to a larger extent will be delivered to people's homes rather than establishments and also in smaller shipment units.
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
Transport , Övrig industriell teknik och ekonomi , Transport , Other industrial engineering and economics