R E S E A R C H S T A T I O N N A T U R E C E N T R E Ö L A N D and on E L I N E K M A N A N D E M E L I E L J U N G Q V I S T M a s t e r T h e s i s i n a r c h i t e c t u r e , a u t u m n 2 0 1 2 C h a l m e r s T e c h n i c a l U n i v e r s i t y , I n s t i t u t e o f A r c h i t e c t u r e E l i n E k m a n a n d E m e l i e L j u n g q v i s t E x a m i n o r : M o r t e n L u n d F i n a l s e m i n a r : J a n u a r y 1 0 , G o t h e n b u r g R e s e a R c h s t a t i o n n a t u R e c e n t R e Ö L a n D a n d o n e l i n e k m a n a n d e m e l i e l j u n g q v i s t Our Master Thes i s explores how to make an amendment that will enhance the experience of the characteristic landscape of the Southern Öland. We share views on the nature being a place for contemplation and inspiration. To translate this into a building has made us choose this topic for our Master Thesis. We have been in contact with an existing research station that want to expand their business and become more extrovert and visible to visitors. The project is based on their wishes but we have made our own interpretation of the program. The site is placed on Öland, where the Great Alvar and the agricultural landscape meet. The landscape of the southern Öland is part of UNESCO’s World Heritage and an important part of the tourism industry on Öland. The buildings’ main purpose will be to display and educate about the nature of the southern Öland. The project consists of two parts; the Nature Centre & Research Station and a landscape hotel. Both parts are about experiencing nature, but in two different ways. E l i n E k m a n a n d E m e l i e L j u n g q v i s t G o t h e n b u r g , j a n u a r y 2 0 1 2 abstract The natural features on Öland attract scientists and nature lovers from all over the world. One of the first scientists who visited Öland, almost 300 years ago, was Carolus Linneaus, in Sweden better known as Carl von Linné. This world famous scientist is the founder of the namegiving system of plants and animals: Systema Naturae. His travels on the island have been documented and it still inspires people to discover and enjoy the nature on the island. C a r l L i n n æ u s “ Ö l a n d s s t r a n d h a d e v i k n a p p t r ö r t , f ö r r ä n v i m ä r k t e , a t t d e t t a l a n d v a r h e l t a n n o r l e d e s ä n d e a n d r e S v e r i g e s p r o v i n c i e r .” ” We h a d j u s t t o u c h e d t h e s h o r e o f Ö l a n d , w h e n w e n o t i c e d t h a t t h i s l a n d w a s d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e o t h e r p r o v i n c e s o f S w e d e n . ” - C a r l v o n L i n n é 1 2 3 The landscapes UNESCO World heritage The Great Alvar The Agricultural Landscape Building- and cultural tradition Building- and cultural tradition Row villages The Research station Station Linné - history Organization and activities Visions 1 : 1 1 : 2 1 : 3 43 45 48 49 52 54 56 66 71 75,77 80-89 90,96,104 93,99,107 109 116 118 119 15 17 21 27 29 33 37 39 2 : 1 2 : 2 3 : 1 3 : 2 3 : 3 3 : 4 Program Program Description Activities Target groups Design premises Site The road Row villages Concept: Nature centre and Research station Nature centre and Research station Siteplan 1.2000 Plans 1.400 Facades 1.400 Cross sections 1.100 Details 1.20 Concept: Landscape hotel Landscape Hotel Plans 1.100 Elevations 1.100 Sections 1.50 c h a p t e r p r e s t u d y p a g e c h a p t e r a n a l y s i s p a g e c h a p t e r d e s i g n p r O j e C t p a g eC O n t e n t s U n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e c o n t e x t . p R e s t u Dy 1c h a p t e r 1:1 chapter the LanDscape p R e s t u Dy T h e G r e a t A l v a r T h e A g r i c u l t u r a l L a n d s c a p e T h e G r e a t A l v a r w i t h i t s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t o n e w a l l s a n d w i n d m i l l s . 1 5 In the year 2000 the landscape of southern Öland was added to UNESCO’s world heritage list. The area of 56 000 hectares include farm land, pasture land, villages and hill forts. This was the committees motivation: “The landscape of Southern Öland takes its contemporary form from its long cultural history, adapting to the physical constraints of the geology and topography. Södra Öland is an outstanding example of human settlement, making the optimum use of diverse landscape types on a single island.” The main features of the landscape are the agricultural landscape and the Great alvar, separated by the Västra landborgen. The landscape of the southern Öland is interesting because of the way the medieval land-use pattern of villages and fields are still present. unesco World heritage T h e k i n g K a r l X G u s t a f g a v e o r d e r 1 6 5 3 t o b u i l d t h i s s t o n e w a l l . I t s t r e t c h e s s t r a i g h t a c r o s s t h e i s l a n d , m e a s u r i n g 4 6 1 1 m e t e r s . T h e G r e a t A l v a r - a f l a t a n d b a r r e n l a n d s c a p e . 1 7 LANDSCAPE The Great Alvar spreads out to the east of the Västra landborgen. It covers 26 000 hectares and is one of the world’s largest alvars. The surrounding villages has used the Great Alvar as the common pasture and wood supply for thousands of year. There are many prehistoric graves, ancient forts and remains of ancient dwelling-houses on the Great Alvar. The alvar landscape covers almost one quarter of Ölands surface and consists primarily of treeless moor land. The bedrock is Ordovician limestone and on top of this lies a thin layer of soil. The ground has poor drainage properties and after rainfall there can be large water accumulations in the landscape. Karums alvar, Slottalvaret, Alhöke alvar, Västeralvaret and Byrums alvar are some of the smaller alvar that exist on the northern and central parts of Öland. The Great Alvar in the south is one of the world’s most peculiar cultural landscapes. Infinite, desolate and beautiful - a treeless horizon. the Great alvar “ A l v a r e t s v ä x t e r f ö r t j ä n a u p p m ä r k s a m h e t s å s o m d e t r i v a s p å d e n a l l r a t o r r a s t e o c h s k a r p a s t e h ä l l a .” “ T h e p l a n t s o f t h e a l v a r d e s e r v e s a r e m a r k a s t h e y f l o u r i s h a t t h e d r i e s t a n d s h a r p e s t l a n d . ” - C a r l v o n L i n n é 1 7 4 1 1 8 Ye l l o w b e d s t r a w , G a l i u m v e r u m , G u l m å r a . G r e a t c a p r i c o r n b e e t l e , C e r a m b y x c e r d o , S t ö r r e e k b o c k . FLORA AND FAUNA The thin or non-existent layer of soil, varying access to water, a harsh climate has created living conditions suited for very unusual flora and fauna. The species living here must be able to handle the sometimes desert-like heat of summer, the torrential rains of autumn and the frost erosion and drifting snow of winter. The limestone in the ground is an important factor for the diverse flora and fauna on Öland. The limestone creates a higher temperature in the ground at night and a lower temperature in the day. This creates a more oceanic microclimate, that prolongs the warm seasons that are preferrable to the flora and fauna. 1 9 USE OF LAND The kilometer long stone walls is the most obvious sign that man made use of the Great Alvar. The walls were primarily built during the 17th and 18th century after the land division in 1819. There are many ancient graves out on the Alvar. The graves are generally not very large, but in the open flat landscape you can see them from a long distance; they are important orientation marks for people who walk over the alvar. The Great Alvar probably started to be used for grazing land as early as Stone Age, but in a relatively small scale. During the Bronze Age, the pressure increased and reached a peak during the Iron Age. The intense ranching led to over-exploitation in some places. The area with a thin soil layer was particularly sensitive and the mottes could not supply the farms fire wood. When the soil is not tied to a vegetation it is exposed to wind erosion and leaching. The sand and soil erosion is probably the reason that many farms were abandoned during the Iron Age. Today, the villages and the cultivated land is located along the eastern and western coasts. RESTORATION In the late 90’s, when 40 percent of the great Alvar was ungrazed and quickly getting overgrown restoration projects started on the Great alvar. These projects and environmental refundings were partly financed by the European Union and made it possible to do efforts and to restore and open the pasture. Today, there is cattles grazing all over the Great Alvar again. G r a z i n g c a t t l e s i n t h e l a n d s c a p e s . V i e w s o f T h e A g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d s c a p e a n d K a l m a r s u n d . 2 1 LANDSCAPE Along the west coast of Öland there is a 3 km wide plain of agricultural land. The soil here is the most fertile of Öland. Together with the great Alvar it is part of UNESCO’s World heritage. The first to cultivate the land were the people of the stone age, ca 3000-1800 BC. The use of the land today is similar to how it was then, with farming and livestock. the ag ricultural landscape A f i e l d d u r i n g h a r v e s t . 2 2 A w i d e o p e n a g r i c u l t u r e l a n d s c a p e . F e r t i l e s o i l - e l o n g a t e d f i e l d s . 2 3 1:2 the buiLDinG- anD cuLtuRaL tRaDition chapter p R e s t u Dy 2 6 L i m e s t o n e , a t r a d i t i o n a l a n d l o c a l m a t e r i a l . B e a u t i f u l b u i l d i n g f r o m t h e n o r t h o f Ö l a n d w i t h p l a s t e r e d l i m e s t o n e f a s a d e a n d s h i n g l e d w o o d r o o f . J a n G e z e l i u s f a m o u s F å g e l h u s , ( b i r d h o u s e ) . A n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e l a n d s c a p e o f s o u t h e r n Ö l a n d . Wo o d a s w e l l , h e r e w i t h a t r a d i t i o n a l g a t e i n a r o w v i l l a g e . 2 7 WEATHER AND WIND The weather conditions of the island play a part in how the buildings are designed and placed. Öland is a flat island and therefore very exposed to the weather, especially the wind. It is also one of the sunniest places in Sweden; there is no coincident Öland is called “the island of the sun and the wind”. Some say that they can see the bad weather pass below the southern tongue of land without casting a shadow on the island. l MATERIALS The building materials have historically been limited to what the island has to offer; limestone and wood. Limestone has mostly been used to build the farm buildings while the dwelling-houses have been made out of oak- or pinewood. The moist absorbing properties of the limestone made it unsuitable for dwellings. There are still limestone quarries active on the island today. the bui lding and cultural tradit ion T h e r o w v i l l a g e H i m m e l s b e r g a . 2 9 ROW VILLAGES The villages on Öland have a characteristic typology; the houses are placed in rows along the street. These so called row villages are the best preserved in Sweden. The houses can be placed along one side of the road or both. This typology origin from the Middle ages and is a result of the rotation of crops that divided the farm land into long stripes that each had a short end to the road. Along the plots short end to the road is where the house was placed, at the point where the farmland meets the road. H u l t e r s t a d 1:3 the ReseaRch station chapter p R e s t u Dy 3 2 B e r t i l K u l l e n b e r g : f o u n d e r a n d e n t o m o l o g i s t F l y O r c h i d , O p h r y s i n s e c t i f e r a , F l u g b l o m s t e r . 3 3 STATION LINNÉ The existing research station we have been in contact with during this project is called “Station Linné”. Their goal is to carry on research, education and youth activities in connection to the nature and culture of the landscape on Öland. HISTORY Station Linné was founded in 1963 by professor Bertil Kullenberg. He researched on the scent communication between the Fly Orchid and a certain beetle. Since then the station has continued research on insects and right now has an on-going national project that maps the different insect species in Sweden. 3 4 I n n e r y a r d . E n t r a n c e . V i e w f r o m t h e p a r k i n g . E x i s t i n g g r e e n h o u s e . the exist ing research station. 3 5 A c t i v i t i e s f o r s c h o o l k i d s . R e s e a r c h i n t h e l a b .M a l a i s e - t r a p . R e s e a r c h c u b e . 3 6 P h o t o f r o m t h e o n - g o i n g n a t i o n a l i n v e n t o r y o f i n s e c t s o n S t a t i o n L i n n é 3 7 THE MALAISE-TRAP PROJECT One of the on-going long term projects on Station Linné is the Malaise-trap project and is part of a big national inventory of insects. The purpose of the project is to gain more knowledge about the swedish insect fauna and provide the research with high quality material of the existing species. The name of the project comes from the tent-like traps that are used to capture the insects. There are 73 traps spread out on locations that are potentially rich in species. The project has up to now gathered 80 million insects whereof at least 1000 are new species in Sweden and half of them are new to the world. The insects are stored at the Natural History Museum in Stockholm but the work of sorting the insects is done at Station Linné. E i n a r a n d S t i n a : c h e m i s t s a n d m a r r i e d c o u p l e . 3 9 E x i s t i n g R e s e a r c h s t a t i o n 1 . 4 0 0 Shop Office Reference library Dining Kitchen Entrance Garage Apartment Storage Storage Long term project Office Storage "American laboratory" Seminar room Apartment Mini apartment Short term laboratory Hostel room VISION The station has ambitions to become an internationally well-known research center within the areas nature and culture. Their vision is to build a new visitor centre, meeting place and market place for everybody who is interested in nature, culture and environment. The focus of the center will be popular science, research, culture and tourism with connection to sustainable development, for researchers, students and the public. D e t e r m i n i n g t h e f r a m e w o r k . a n a Ly s i s 2c h a p t e r 2:1 chapter pRoGRam a n a Ly s i s 4 4 l a n d s C a p e h O t e l O u t d O O r f u n C t i O n s r e s e a r C h p r o g r a m , nature centre, research station and landscape hotels e x h i b i t i O n p u b l i C Long term Projects • Laboratories • Storages • Offices Short term Projects • Laboratories • Storages • Offices • Lab. Apartments Common spaces • Reference library • Copy room • Living room • Kitchen • Hwc/Wc • Laundry • Foajé • Auditorium • Seminary room • Meeting room • Cloak room • Rwc, Wc • Exhibition agricultural landscape • Exhibition the Great Alvar • Temporary exhibition • Shop • Info desk • Back-office • Break room • Meeting room • Storage • Cloak room • Rwc/Wc • Technique •Restaurant • Kitchen • Office • Changing room • Café • Local farm store • Storage • Cloakroom • Rwc, Wc • Showers and sauna • Waste room • 10 sleeping rooms á 16 sqm • Outdoor exhibition • Outdoor school • Bike rental • DNA-archive 1140 sqm 102 sqm 27 sqm 45 sqm 66 sqm 18 sqm 32 sqm 108 sqm 87 sqm 6 sqm 17 sqm 28 sqm 6 sqm 14 sqm 44 sqm 125 sqm 34 sqm 15 sqm 21 sqm 6 sqm 160 sqm 160 sqm 100 sqm 800 sqm 180 sqm 170 sqm 50 sqm 65 sqm 25 sqm 28 sqm 18 sqm 13 sqm 32 sqm 26 sqm 18 sqm 70 sqm 945 sqm 66 sqm 38 sqm 9 sqm 8 sqm 19 sqm 19 sqm 17 sqm 15 sqm 6 sqm 36 sqm 7 sqm After a meeting Station Linné we made our own interpretation of what a station like this could be. 4 5 INFO DISK AND ENTRANCE The entrance hall should be connected to the exhibitions. This space will contain an info disk for selling tickets to the exhibition, renting out bikes and greet the residents of the landscape hotel. The temporary exhibition space can be a part of the entrance hall. ExHIBITION The purpose of the exhibition is to inform the public about the nature and culture of the southern Öland. The exhibition area is divided into two parts that describes different themes; one permanent exhibition about the plants and animals of the great alvar, and one permanent exhibition about the world heritage, agriculture and culture of Öland. The exhibition spaces can be separated from each other though it should be easy to go from one exhibition space to the next. TEMPORARY ExHIBITION There should be a flexible space for temporary exhibitions or activities of popular science. This space should be visible from the road to display when something new is happening in the center. POPULAR SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES These are outdoor activities that appeals to families with small kids, school kids, people interested in nature and tourists. Some examples are; the bumble-bee nature school, orchid wanderings, bat excursions, edible insects, butterfly-watching, nature photography, species-spotting exam and more. d e s c r i p t i o n , prog ram 4 6 RESEARCH The foundation of the center, figuratively speaking. Though the research is an introvert work it would gain interest and acknowledgement if at least a little part of it would be visible to the public. The research consists of a permanent part for long term projects and a rental part for short term projects. The scientists working in the long term projects live somewhere else and only come here to work. They need laboratories with storage and office space. The scientists working in the short term projects rent a lab + apartment. The apartment should be connected to the lab but preferably with a social area as the connection, so that the transition between working and living becomes softer. LANDSCAPE HOTEL Consists of several small housing facilities that appeals to people interested in the nature of Öland, bird-watchers, species-spotters and researchers. The housing facilities should be separated from each other and be placed further out on the alvar to give the sense of being exposed to the nature. The houses should make as little impact on the alvar and be as close to self-sufficient as possible. AUDITORIUM Facility for lectures and conference for up to 100 people. The auditorium can be utilized for activities during evenings combining popular- or natural science with a culinary experience, which means a position close to the restaurant. SEMINAR ROOM/MEETING ROOMS Seminar and meeting rooms are provided for both researchers and staff. They should have close access to libraries, laboratories, staff facilities and auditorium. LIBRARY A library with literature about Öland, guides to Sweden’s and Öland’s flora and fauna and important works for course-literature. The library should also contain computers. (The library should be connected to Reference library and Experiment laboratory). 4 7 REFERENCE LIBRARY A reference collection of the Swedish flora and fauna. Both a digital collection of pictures, keys and art specification of Sweden’s all species (open for everyone; elaborated by Artdatabanken and Naturhistoriska riksmuseet) and a real collection of references of Sweden’s animals and plants (access for researchers and amateur researches; compiled by the Swedish natural history museums). ExPERIMENT LABORATORY A flexible laboratory for amateur and professional researchers to conduct research within the station’s area but also in an interdisciplinary perspective. The experimental facility should also be arranged so that it can be used for children activity. It should contain a room with microscopes and other equipment for biological studies, which can be used in conjunction with various outdoor activities in summer. During a semester, this laboratory could be used for nature school activities (see below). There should be a direct contact with a surface outdoor for more space-consuming experiments. RESTAURANT The restaurant is serving organic and locally produced food and drinks (depending on the seasons). It should be in close contact with the production, for example good view over agriculture fields, connection to vegetable garden and a direct contact to the kitchen. CAFÉ The café should be placed close to the road and connected to the restaurant. Here you can buy a cup of coffee to take outdoors. LOCAL FARM STORE A store that sells local products and ingredients from Öland. The store will also include a section that sells books and equipment for nature studies; binoculars, insect nets, insect boxes, microscopes, telescopes and stereo loupes. 4 8 Experience the peculiar flora and fauna on the great alvar. Depending on season you can see orchids, birds, butter- flies and grass hoppers. May- September This nature experience starts in the twilight when Europe’s biggest beetle, the stag beetle, swarms. As the night falls you can listen to bats with ultrasound equipment. June - July An excursion in the blood sucking world of ticks with an expert guide that will tell you all about ticks. July An excursion to search for snakes, leeches and above all the dreaded “större sporrspindeln”. July A chance to meet snakes, spiders, cockroaches and centipedes. A guide tells about the truths and myths of the animals. July The big celebration of the autumn harvest takes place on Öland in the end of september. The famous harvest festival is spread among proud farmers on the island that show and sell their crop. September Throughout the year there are a lot of art shown on Öland. Year round The moth trap on the station is emptied on the catch of the night. An opportunity to see moths and bombycids. July - August An excursion among bats and other nocturnal animals. April - October A nature school for kids (5-12 yrs). With nets and loupes the kids discover all kinds of plants and animals in the wild. July - August A visit to the finest butterfly meadows of the southern Öland. July An excursion to see the many beutiful orchids on the alvar. May-June A wandering between Resmo and Vickleby to discover the plants of the spring. April - May Scientists and biologists give lectures about nature, culture and Öland. Year round Tick safari The most dangerous spider of Scandinavia Orchid wanderings Nature in the Valley of the Nun Catch of the night Mystery in the dark Bumblebee nature investigators Butterfly excursion Scientific lectures Stag beetles and bats Wanderings on the great alvar Nature’s scariest Harvest festival Art exhibitions Experience the peculiar flora and fauna on the great alvar. Depending on season you can see orchids, birds, butter- flies and grass hoppers. May- September This nature experience starts in the twilight when Europe’s biggest beetle, the stag beetle, swarms. As the night falls you can listen to bats with ultrasound equipment. June - July An excursion in the blood sucking world of ticks with an expert guide that will tell you all about ticks. July An excursion to search for snakes, leeches and above all the dreaded “större sporrspindeln”. July A chance to meet snakes, spiders, cockroaches and centipedes. A guide tells about the truths and myths of the animals. July The big celebration of the autumn harvest takes place on Öland in the end of september. The famous harvest festival is spread among proud farmers on the island that show and sell their crop. September Throughout the year there are a lot of art shown on Öland. Year round The moth trap on the station is emptied on the catch of the night. An opportunity to see moths and bombycids. July - August An excursion among bats and other nocturnal animals. April - October A nature school for kids (5-12 yrs). With nets and loupes the kids discover all kinds of plants and animals in the wild. July - August A visit to the finest butterfly meadows of the southern Öland. July An excursion to see the many beutiful orchids on the alvar. May-June A wandering between Resmo and Vickleby to discover the plants of the spring. April - May Scientists and biologists give lectures about nature, culture and Öland. Year round Tick safari The most dangerous spider of Scandinavia Orchid wanderings Nature in the Valley of the Nun Catch of the night Mystery in the dark Bumblebee nature investigators Butterfly excursion Scientific lectures Stag beetles and bats Wanderings on the great alvar Nature’s scariest Harvest festival Art exhibitions a c t i v i t i e s , station Linné 4 9 The centre will be a place where researchers, school kids, conference guests and tourists can gather and experience the nature in its different forms. Depending on the seasons the composition of the people visiting the centre can vary and the addition of the landscape hotels, that celebrates the landscape in its different seasonal shapes, will attract visitors throughout the year. C o n f e r e n c e v i s i t o r s R e s e a r c h e r s T o u r i s t s S c h o o l k i d s t a r g e t g r o u p s 2:2 chapter DesiGn pRemises a n a Ly s i s t h e s i t e T h e s i t e o n t h e m a p o f S w e d e n Ö l a n d i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e e a s t c o a s t o f S w e d e n a n d t h e c o n n e c t i o n t o K a l m a r . O r t o p h o t o s h o w i n g t h e d i s t i n c t d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e l a n d s c a p e s o f t h e s i t e . The Great Alvar The agricultural landscape 5 4 t h e r o a d THE ROAD is a significant element in this project. A single road divides the landscape into two. On one side the alvar landscape, and the other the agricultural landscape. W h e n g o i n g s o u t h f r o m t h e Ö l a n d - b r i d g e y o u h a v e t h e G r e a t A l v a r t o t h e l e f t . . . . . . a n d t h e A g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d s c a p e t o t h e r i g h t . The Great Alvar The Agricultural Landscape S t r e e t v i e w f r o m s i t e . r o w v i l l a g e s , vis ited examples. 5 6 Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga ÅkerbyA l b y H i m m e l s b e r g a H u l t e r s t a d L i l l a F r ö Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga Åkerby Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga Åkerby Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga Åkerby 5 7 L å n g l ö t M e l l b y T r i b e r g a Å k e r b y Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga Åkerby Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga Åkerby Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga Åkerby Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Alby Himmelsberga Hulterstad Lilla Frö Lilla Frö Långlöt Mellby Triberga Åkerby L i l l a F r ö 5 9 Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Lilla Frö Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Lilla Frö Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Lilla Frö Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Lilla Frö Long sides facing the road Gables facing the road Yards situated on both sides of the road Lilla Frö t h e r o w v i l l a g e s , typologies . L i v i n g h o u s e n e x t t o t h e r o a d . B a r n n e x t t o t h e r o a d . B u i l d i n g p l a c e d o n b o t h s i d e s o f t h e r o a d . G a b l e s f a c i n g t h e r o a d .L o n g s i d e s t o w a r d s t h e r o a d . P r e s e n t i n g t h e o u t c o m e . D e s i G n p R o j e c t 3c h a p t e r 3:1 n a t u R e c e n t R e a n D R e s e a R c h s t a t i o n concept, chapter D e s i G n p R o j e c t 6 4 DIVIS ION OF PROGRAM, Research, exhibition and public program are divided into three volumes. Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Barns on both sides of the road to attract passangers. The road splits the barns Dividing research, exhibition and public in to tree barns ResearchPubl icExhibit ion 1. Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Barns on both sides of the road to attract passangers. The road splits the barns Dividing research, exhibition and public in to tree barns 13 6 POSITION, The volumes are placed so that the road figuratively cuts through the buildings. 2. Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Barns on both sides of the road to attract passangers. The road splits the barns Dividing research, exhibition and public in to tree barns ACTIVE SPACE, The space between the buildings combined with the road creates a courtyard with a square function.This is a place for seasonal activities such as the Harvest festival and art events. 3. O r i e n t a t i o n , nature centre and research station 6 5 THE GABLES directed to the road expose the program of the buidlings like shop windows to attracts interest from people passing by. Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Barns on both sides of the road to attract passangers. The road splits the barns Dividing research, exhibition and public in to tree barns 5. ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ SHARED SPACE, The common solution today is to separate the traffic. By doing the opposite, mixing cars, bikes and strollers the square is activated. 6. Yards that open up towards the Argiculture landscape and the Great Alvar Gables exposes the program Barns on both sides of the road to attract passangers. The road splits the barns Dividing research, exhibition and public in to tree barns NEW DIRECTIONS opens up the inner courtyards towards the Argiculture Landscape and The Great Alvar. 4. 6 7 Exhibit ion shop Temporary exhibit ion Café and local farm store Library Foajé Laboratory THE GABLES display their contents to the road like shop windows to inform and create interest among the people passing by. 3 BUILDINGS - 3 CHARACTERS F o c u s e d t u b e E x t r o v e r t / C o n n e c t i n g P e r f o r a t e d s h e l l C h a r a c t e r s , nature centre and research station 3:2 natuRe centRe anD ReseaRch station chapter D e s i G n p R o j e c t s i t u a t i o n p l a n 1 :2000 7 1 +44,83 +44,00 +43,37 +45,69 +42,90 +45,0 +46,0+46,5 +44,0 +43,0 The green loop Parking, cars and busses Parking, cars and busses The Great Alvar The Agricultural Landscape Existing research station Road 136 Landscape Hotels M E T E R S 0 10 50 100 7 2 N i g h t v i e w : f r o m T h e G r e a t A l v a r l a n d s c a p e . N i g h t v i e w . 7 3 B i r d ’ s e y e v i e w o v e r t h e c e n t r e . T h e r o a d 1 3 6 c u t t i n g t h r o u g h t h e t h r e e b u i l d i n g s . T h e g a b l e s w o r k a s d i s p l a y w i n d o w s t h a t s h o w s t h e b u i l d i n g s ’ c o n t e n t s . 7 4 ExHIBITION, The exhibition building is divided into two parts. The exhibition that is about the agricultural landscape is focused towards the agricultural landscape. The exhibition about the alvar is focused towards the alvar landscape. The shop and the temporary exhibition are visible from the road and what you first meet. This way you are able to see when there is a new exhibition in the temporary exhibition space, which changes often. In the shop area there is an info desk where you check in to the landscape hotel, rent bikes and get information about the centre. PUBLIC, The middle building is the most extrovert building; you can both see and walk through it. The passages sometimes also have a function, like the outdoors restaurant and the outdoors school. There is an educational part, with library and experiment laboratories, which is visibly connected to the research building. A café and a local farm store where the local farmers can sell their products is visible from the road. The restaurant is entered through the outdoors restaurant and has an open kitchen that is connected to the vegetable garden outside where they grow the vegetables to the restaurant. Further into the dining area there is a grand view towards Kalmar sund. RESEARCH, The research is divided into long term laboratories where the researchers work on the projects for one or two years and short term laboratories where the researchers work on the projects for weeks or months. The researchers in the short term laboratories can be students or international researchers visiting Öland for its unique fauna and flora. Since they come from far away they might need somewhere to live during their research, the short term laboratories are therefor rentable along with an apartment. The auditorium, seminar room and meeting room are available to the researchers and also for public events. p l a n 1 1 :400 7 5 Auditorium Storage Cloak room Exhibition agricultural/cultural Cloak room Rwc Exhibition, the Great Alvar Info desk Temporary exhibition Library Rwc Digital reference library Wc Laboratory long term Laboratory long term Common kitchen Rwc Shop Back-office Rental laboratory Laundry room Storage Wc Wc Storage Rwc Café Fridge Local farm store Office Wc Shower Freezer DNA archive 100 sqm Cloak room Cloak room Bar Kitchen Storage Storage Wc Foajé Rwc Wc Cloak room Storage Road 136 Outdoors restaurant Storage Strg. Waste room Storage Shower Ladies Shower Men Sauna Cloak room Meeting place for orchid-, alvar- and butterfly excursions Orchid garden Moth trap Outdoors school Herb garden Vegetable garden Vegetable garden Experiment laboratory Rental laboratory Storage Rental laboratory Storage Storage Strg. Rwc Restaurant Pantry Wc Drying room Experiment laboratory M E T E R S 0 2,5 5 10 N 9000 7600 10000 C B B A A C Parking, cars and busses Parking, cars and busses Market place Market place 12000 V i e w t o w a r d s t h e r e s e a r c h b u i l d i n g f r o m t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d . p l a n 2 1 :400 7 7 Auditorium Storage Cloak room Exhibition agricultural/cultural Cloak room Rwc Exhibition, the Great Alvar Info desk Temporary exhibition Library Rwc Digital reference library Wc Laboratory long term Laboratory long term Common kitchen Rwc Shop Back-office Rental laboratory Laundry room Storage Wc Wc Storage Rwc Café Fridge Local farm store Office Wc Shower Freezer DNA archive 100 sqm Cloak room Cloak room Bar Kitchen Storage Storage Wc Foajé Rwc Wc Cloak room Storage Road 136 Outdoors restaurant Storage Strg. Waste room Storage Shower Ladies Shower Men Sauna Cloak room Meeting place for orchid-, alvar- and butterfly excursions Orchid garden Moth trap Outdoors school Herb garden Vegetable garden Vegetable garden Experiment laboratory Rental laboratory Storage Rental laboratory Storage Storage Strg. Rwc Restaurant Pantry Wc Drying room Experiment laboratory M E T E R S 0 2,5 5 10 N 9000 7600 10000 C B B A A C Parking, cars and busses Parking, cars and busses Market place Market place 12000 Technique Seminar room Technique Break room Technique Wc Lab. apartment 18 m² Reference library Office Meeting room Storage Storage Copy room M E T E R S 0 2,5 5 10 Meeting room N W i n d - p r o t e c t i n g s c r e e n s w i t h n a t u r e m o t i f s o n t h e i n n e r y a r d . N i g h t v i e w : G a b l e s t o w a r d s T h e G r e a t A l v a r . 8 0 f a c a d e Gables south-east 1:200 8 2 f a c a d e Gables nor th-west 1:200 8 4 f a c a d e Research bui lding 1:200 8 6 F a c a d e Public bui lding 1:200 8 8 F a c a d e Exhibi t ion bui lding 1 :200 Rental laboratory M E T E R S 0 0,5 1 2 Lab. apartment Common kitchen and livingroom Wooden floor Concrete floor Concrete floor 9 0 ExTERIOR, Roof and facades are clad in wood panels to give them a uniform expression. Since the use of the building will vary depending on seasons it is possible to close parts of it with folding shutters, to save energy.They can also be regulated depending on bright sunlight. By time the wood panel will become grey and melt in to the colors of nature. INTERIOR, Light comes in from facade and roof windows, all with electric folding shutters that can be adjusted depending of sunlight or if the locality is used or not. A semi-transparent glass lets the north light in to the laboratory apartments. The massive wood elements are preserved as interior on the outer walls. Other interior walls are painted in white. CONSTRUCTION, The walls and roof are made out of self-bearing massive wood elements with the wood exposed to the interior. The foundation is a concrete slab in the same level as landscape outside. Research c r o s s s e c t i o n 1:50 Labora tor y + lab.apar tment Detail - Laboratory F a c a d e 1 :50 Labora tor y + lab.apar tment Rental laboratory M E T E R S 0 0,5 1 2 Lab. apartment Common kitchen and livingroom Wooden floor Concrete floor Concrete floor 9 1 Detail - Laboratory L a b o r a t o r y a n d r e f e r e n c e l i b r a r y f a c i n g t h e r o a d . Drainage and capillary barrier Insulation Concrete floor, underfloor and moist barrier board Sill insulation Sealing tape Protection against rising damp Electrical folding shutter, pine wood panel on aliminum frame Window: opens inward, double glazing in wood frame 25 25x145 Standing pine wood panel 34 34x70 Horizontal battens Ventilation slit Wind board 195 45x195 Vertical batten 195 Insulation in two layers 0,2 Moist board 95 KLH massive timber element P i n e w o o d p a n e l 9 3 D e t a i l 1 :20 Labora tor y G a p b e t w e e n e x p e r i m e n t l a b o r a t o r i e s . F o a j é f a c i n g t h e r o a d . 9 4 N i g h t v i e w s h o w i n g t h e o p e n i n g s a n d g a p s i n t h e m i d d l e b u i l d i n g . M E T E R S 0 0,5 1 2 9 6 c r o s s s e c t i o n 1:100 Restaurant Detail - Restaurant M E T E R S 0 0,5 1 2 9 7 public ExTERIOR AND CONSTRUCTION, The laminated wood frames work botha as load- bearing structure and sun shield. The glass is hung on the inside of the wood frames to create a wooden look from the outside, that is cohesive with the other buildings. INTERIOR, The public building consists of glass and wood volumes, framed with the laminated wood structures. These translusent facades creates connections between the two other buildings and diffuses the transition to the Alvar and Agricultural gardens. F a c a d e 1 :100 Restaurant C a f é a n d f a r m s t o r e f a c i n g t h e r o a d . Sill insulation Concrete foundation Shim made of steel, impregnated wood or concrete Laminated wood with screwed frame corner Insulation Concrete slab Protection against rising damp Drainage and capillary barrier Concrete floor 9 9 D e t a i l 1 :20 Restaurant L i m e s t o n e p a v i n g o n t h e s q u a r e . A c o m m o n l y u s e d m a t e r i a l i n t h e h i s t o r y o f s e t t l e m e n t o n Ö l a n d . E x p e r i m e n t l a b o r a t o r y w i t h c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e o u t d o o r s c h o o l R e s t a u r a n t w i t h a v i e w t o K a l m a r s u n d . T h e m i d d l e b u i l d i n g a t n i g h t . 1 0 1 L i b r a r y f a c i n g t h e r o a d . K i t c h e n a n d g a p w i t h o u t d o o r s e r v i n g . M E T E R S 0 0,5 1 2 1 0 4 c r o s s s e c t i o n 1 :100 exhibit ion Detail - Exhibition M E T E R S 0 0,5 1 2 1 0 5 exhibit ion F a c a d e 1 :100 exhibit ion ExTERIOR, Roof and facades are clad in wood panels to give them a uniform expression. From outside the building appears as a closed fundament placed in the open landscape. By time the wood panel will become grey and melt in to the colours of nature. INTERIOR, From inside the building is focused to one direction, the landscape that the exhibition represents. There are openings with indirect sun light and if you step out into the openings you have direct contact with the plants outside and the linear horisont. CONSTRUCTION, The walls and roof are made out of self-bearing massive wood elements with the wood exposed to the interior. The foundation is a concrete slab in the same level as landscape outside. The floor is polished concrete. T e m p o r a r y e x h i b i t i o n f a c i n g r o a d . N i g h t v i e w 1 0 6 25 25x145 Standing pine wood panel 34 34x70 Horizontal battens Ventilation slit Wind board 195 45x195 Vertical batten 195 Insulation in two layers 0,2 Moist board 95 KLH massive timber element 25 25x145 Standing pine wood panel 25 25x50 Horizontal battens Ventilation slit 20 20x95 Tongued and grooved boards Wind board 195 45x195 Vertical batten 195 Insulation 0,2 Moist board 130 KLH massive roof timber element Insulation glass hidden in construction, tilted for water runoff The walls strengthen the direction towards the landscape and also alows you to come close the plants outside 1 0 7 D e t a i l 1 :20 exhibit ion O r c h i d g a r d e n Ve g e t a b l e g a r d e n 3:3 LanDscape hoteLs chapter D e s i G n p R o j e c t 1 1 0 l a n d s c a p e h o t e l s in the h o r i z o n SMALL DWELLINGS are scattered out on the Great Alvar. Dwellings that subordinates themselves to the surrounding nature and becomes almost invisible in the horizon. 1 1 1 CONCEPT 10 rooms are spread out in the landscape with a radius no more than 1000 meters from the centre but not less than 100 meters in between. A simple building with a strong sense of materiality that subordinates itself to the surrounding nature. 3:4 LanDscape hoteLs chapter D e s i G n p R o j e c t T h e t i m b e r r e s e m b l e s t h e g r o u n d o f t h e a l v a r a n d t h e r o o f r e f l e c t s t h e s k y w h i c h m a k e s i t a l m o s t i n v i s i b l e i n t h e h o r i z o n . Sofa/Bunk bed Stove W ardrobe Composting toilet and Water tank E D D E 40 00 4000 Ro of w in do w D D E E 1 1 6 p l a n 1:100 L o f t 1:100 R e f l e c t i n g g l a s s P l a n e c o r n e r j o i n t F a c a d e s 1:100 M a t e r i a l s t h a t r e s e m b l e s t o t h e h o r i z o n t . 1 1 8 LANDSCAPE HOTELS, This is the answer to the existing research station’s wish for some kind of hotel at the centre. Instead of a traditional hotel building we chose to design several small dwellings scattered on the Great Alvar. If the centre is where you inform about nature, the landscape hotel is where you can truly experience it. c r o s s s e c t i o n D-D 1:50 sink water tank water tank 1 1 9 c r o s s s e c t i o n e-e 1:50 ROOF, The inside of the roof is clad in plywood with openings for windows. The exterior of the roof is clad in reflecting glass to reflect the sky and make the building melt into the background. PINE TIMBER, The base of the building is made out of timber. The timber still has the bark attached on the outside to create a rough surface. On the inside the timber is treated into a plane surface. A t n i g h t w i n d o w s a p p e a r i n t h e r o o f . “ Ö l a n d l ä m n a d e s u t u r s y n e n , m e n d e s s g r ö n a ä n g a r , s k u g g f u l l e l u n d a r o c h o f ö r l i k n e l i g e Te m p e b l e v o k v a r e i m i t t m i n n e .” ” Ö l a n d w a s l e f t o u t o f s i g h t , b u t i t s g r e e n m e a d o w s , s h a d o w f i l l e d g r o v e s a n d i n c o m p a r a b l e Te m p e r e m a i n e d i n m y m e m o r y. ” - C a r l v o n L i n n é Fredrik Nilsson (tidskriften Arkitektur (3), 2009). Literature – landscape, nature and humanity: Arkitektur av natur II. Thorsten Jansson (2009). Strövtåg på Ölands Alvar. Anders Johansson (2006) Ölands stora Alvar: mitt i ett världsarv. Håkan Sandbring och Martin Borg (1997) Öland: Ljus, hav, alvar. Claes Caldenby och Åsa Walldén (1989). Jan Gezelius. Carl Linné. Carl von Linnés resa till Öland och Gotland. www.lansstyrelsen.se www.unesco.org www.stationlinne.se www.klhscandinavia.se www.traguiden.se www.google.maps.se n o t e l i t e r a t u r e n o t e O n l i n e r e f e r e n c e s N A T U R E C E N T R E and R E S E A R C H S T A T I O N on Ö L A N D