ARLEQUIN’S URBAN RENEWAL COMBINING INHABITANTS’ EXPERTISE WITH PROFESSIONALS’ EXPERTISE FOR AN URBAN DESIGN STRATEGY HÉLÈNE BOURGEOIS MASTER THESIS SPRING 2014 MASTER DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LA VILLENEUVE NEIGHBOURHOOD, GRENOBLE, FRANCE Arlequin’s urban renewal Combining inhabitants’ expertise with professionals’ expertise for an urban design strategy La Villeneuve neighbourhood, Grenoble, France Hélène Bourgeois Contact: helbou@student.chalmers.se bourgeois.h@laposte.net Date of presentation: 2014-05-15 Tutor: Paula Femenias Examiner: Björn Malbert Master thesis 30 credits spring 2014 Master programme Design for Sustainable Development Department of Architecture Chalmers University of Technology SE - 412 96 Göteborg Sweden 2 KEY WORDS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT Today, the co-production of urban renewal projects with inhabitants is claimed to be a necessity in France. These projects concern working-class neighbourhoods and aim at triggering their development. This master thesis studies how the involvement of inhabitants improves the quality of an urban renewal project. The study is based on the case of La Villeneuve neighbourhood, in Grenoble, France. A focus is on the Arlequin’s buildings where an urban renovation project is carried out today in a top down approach. In reaction to the lack of consultation with the inhabitants, a bottom up initiative has been organised in the neighbourhood through an Urban Workshop for the People. First, a tool to involve a broad range of inhabitants in the production of an urban renewal project is explored. Therefore, a participatory intervention is carried out within the Urban Workshop for the People. The inputs from the inhabitants are translated into a strategic programme and design guidelines. These outcomes are then used to define a design strategy. Improved participatory tools are proposed, reflecting on the contribution of the participatory intervention and the quality of its outcomes. Secondly the added value of the outcomes of the participatory process in an urban renewal project is studied. To do so, the outcomes from the participatory intervention and the analyse of the ongoing urban renovation project are Urban renewal project, collaborative design, participatory planning, urban design, design methodology, social sustainability. combined in order to define a design strategy for the urban renewal of the Arlequin. The design strategy shows that a combination of the professionals’ and the inhabitants’ expertise produces an urban design paying attention both to the larger and the detailed scale. Furthermore, the combination of expertise permits to synchronise the social and the renovation dimensions. The conclusion is that a combination of the inhabitants’ expertise and the professionals’ expertise seems useful to improve the quality of an urban renewal project. A participatory process managed by a neighbourhood Management Group and relating to the Participatory Action Research model can reach a broad range of inhabitants. A participatory process can give outputs to improve urban design and it can trigger the development of the neighbourhood. 3 To the Ateliers Populaires d’Urbanisme, and more particularly to David, Sébastien and Morgane, to have let me share your adventure. To the participants of my participatory intervention, for your time and support. To Paula, for your concern and advices. To Kristine and Taisja, for your help. I - INTRODUCTION 4Table of content 7. Fieldwork 7.1. Participatory interventions 7.2. Exercises 7.3. Workshops and stand 8. Interpretation work 8.1. Inhabitants’ inputs 8.2. Interpretation of inhabitants’ inputs into a strategic programme 8.3. Interpretation of inhabitants’ inputs into design guidelines 9. Outcomes 9.1. Strategic programme for the Arlequin and the park 9.1.1. Method and purpose 9.1.2. Examples of strategies 9.2. Design guidelines for the Arlequin and the park 9.2.1. Places to keep and put in value 9.2.2. Allotment gardens 9.2.3. Local associations’ project 9.2.4. Playgrounds 9.2.5. Gallery III - CONTEXT IV - PARTICIPATORY INTERVENTION 4. La Villeneuve neighbourhood 4.1. Working-class neighbourhood 4.2. Diversified neighbourhood 4.3. Neighbourhood’s components 5. The Arlequin 5.1. 20th century cultural heritage 5.2. Arlequin’s gallery 5.3. Arlequin’s buildings 6. Existing initiatives for the Arlequin’s urban renewal 6.1. PNRU1 urban renovation project designed by Yves Lion agency 6.2. APU: Urban Workshop for the People, a bottom up initiative 6.3. APU’s propositions 6.4. APU: a process triggering development 6.5. APU’s method 28 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 34 34 35 36 37 43 44 45 47 27 16 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 15 6 9 10 10 11 12 13 13 14 II - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Recommendations for French urban renewal projects 1.1. PNRU: National Programme for Urban Renewal 1.2. A neighbourhood Management Group for the participatory process 2. Democratic process for an urban project 3. Co-design examples 3.1. Aires de Rien project, Paris 3.2. Design dialogue for Claesgatan, Malmö I - INTRODUCTION Abstract 3 5Table of content 13. Reflection on the participatory intervention 14. Disadvantage of the participatory process 15. Added value of the participatory process 16. Proposal for improved participatory tools 16.1. Hypothetical democratic process for an urban renewal project 16.2. Tool 1: strategic programme 16.3. Tool 2: design guidelines 16.4. Tool 3: instructions for a place 16.5. Combining inhabitants’ expertise with professionals’ expertise 17. Final reflection: democratic process and social sustainability VI - CONCLUSION References Appendices 10. Analyse of the existing PNRU1 urban renovation project drawn by Yves Lion agency 10.1. Existing urban structure 10.2. Yves Lion’s strategy for the urban structure 10.3. Yves Lion’s public spaces 11. Proposal for a strategy based on the participatory intervention and the strenghts of Yves lion’s urban renovation project 11.1. Strategy for the urban structure 11.2. Strategy for the gallery 11.2.1. Activities in the gallery 11.2.2. Entrance of the housing units 11.3. Strategy for the public spaces 12. Detailed plans of public spaces 12.1. Development of the market place 12.2. Gardens on the multi-storey car park V - DESIGN STRATEGY 50 50 51 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 57 57 58 59 60 62 64 66 66 68 69 70 71 72 73 77 49 INTRODUCTION Context In France, a first National Program for Urban Renovation (PNRU1) was carried out with a top down approach from the year 2003 to 2013. Urban renovation projects were done in working-class neighbourhoods in order to trigger their development. These projects were designed by experts and driven by the elected representatives. The participation of inhabitants was mostly limited to consultation and a few ranges of inhabitants were participating. A second National Program (PNRU2) is starting in 2014. It is advised to modify the approach: to produce urban renewal projects, synchronising the renovation and the social dimension. The projects must be co-produced with the inhabitants. So far, the inhabitants participation was not developed because the professionals do not understand the added value of such process for urban renovation. Furthermore, the institutional 6Introduction Elected representatives decision-making process Professionals design Companies operational feasibility Inhabitants Existing influences in an urban renovation project process participatory processes are not able to involve a representative part of the inhabitants. The urban renovation projects are therefore driven by elective representatives. Because today co-production with the inhabitants is required, a methodology for their involvement in the project process needs to be studied. Today, there is a discussion in France about giving power to the inhabitants in the decision- making process of the urban renewal projects. It seems there is a need to have inhabitants as a counter-power in the project process. The aim would be to favour the autonomy of the civil society and to empower inhabitants. Participatory intervention in a French urban renewal context is the subject of this master thesis. The Arlequin is the chosen case study. It appears as a rich case study because both a bottom up initiative and a top down project are carried out at the same time. Furthermore, the Arlequin is a very original architecture which needs a contextualised response. The Arlequin’s buildings are located in a neighbourhood called La Villeneuve, in Grenoble, France. The design of the Arlequin has been influenced by the international utopian movement led by the British group Team X and presents from 1950 to 1970. Today, an urban renovation project, part of the first National Program, is carried out in the neighbourhood with a focus on the Arlequin. This PNRU1 renovation project is designed by the reputed Paris based Yves Lion Agency. It has a top down approach and can be considered as the result of a regular planning process. In reaction to the lack of consultation from the municipality, a bottom up initiative has organised an Urban Workshop for the People in the neighbourhood. It enables the inhabitants to make propositions for the renewal of their neighbourhood. My personal education is composed of a bachelor in architecture within La Villette National School of Architecture and master studies within the Design for Sustainable Development Program at Chalmers University of Technology. My bachelor taught me urban design taking into consideration the site’s history as well as being based on a broad scale analysis and a fine knowledge of urban typology. These tools are the ones used in France in regular 1972 2008 2012 2014 First inhabitants in the Arlequin Arlequin’s PNRU 1 urban renovation project: top down project APU: bottom up initiative Arlequin’s PNRU 2 urban renewal project: coproduce with the inhabitants Time line about the Arlequin’ s urban renewal 7Introduction planning processes; they seem to lead to top down projects. My studies within the master Design for Sustainable Development have taught me other tools: participatory tools, local context analysis and system analysis. This thesis tries to combine all these tools in order to define a design strategy for the Arlequin’s urban renewal. Aim The thesis aims at exploring a tool for involving a broad range of inhabitants in the production of an urban renewal project. It tries to understand the possible outcomes of a participatory process of such a project. It also studies as well which type of documents should be produced in order to support the dialogue between the inhabitants and the professionals. documents InhabitantsProfessionals dialogue Dialogue in order to combine the professionals’ expertise with the inhabitants’ expertise Approach / research design In order to explore a tool for a broad involvement of inhabitants in an urban renewal project, I have carried out a participatory intervention within the ongoing Ateliers Populaires d’Urbanisme (APU) translated as Urban Workshop for the People. The APU has unconventional methods and is able to reach a broad range of inhabitants. I have been on site for one and a half month. The participatory intervention lasted three weeks and is composed of a stand for a few hours a day along with two half days of workshops. The participatory intervention has collected inputs from the inhabitants which are first translated into design guidelines. Secondly, the inhabitants‘ inputs and the APU’s preliminary work are synthesized into a strategic programme. Then, the urban structure and the public spaces of Yves Lion’s PNRU1 top down urban renovation project are analysed. The strengths of Yves Lion’s project and the outcomes of the participatory process are combined into a design strategy for the Arlequin’s urban renewal. Analysing the proposal for a design strategy, the added value and the disadvantages of the outcomes of the participatory process are understood. Finally, reflecting on the contribution of the participatory intervention and the quality of its outcomes, tools to involve a broad range of inhabitants in the production of an urban renewal project are proposed. The master thesis responds to following two research questions: how to design a tool for a broad involvement of people in the production of an urban renewal project? What are the added value and the disadvantage of the outcomes of the participatory process in comparison to a regular planning process? This master thesis focuses on the social dimension of sustainability. The co-production tools proposed are designed within a reflection of a democratic process for an urban renewal project. Outline The master thesis has five parts. The first one describes the theoretical framework: the last recommendations for the improvement of the French urban renewal projects; the criteria for a democratic process for an urban project; and two co-design examples in an urban context. The second part explains the context: La Villeneuve’s features; the Arlequin’s features; the Yves Lion’s project part of the First National Programme for Urban Renovation; and finally the Urban Workshop for the People, its features and first outcomes. The third part concerns my participatory intervention within the Urban Workshop for the People. My field work, the translation of the inhabitants’ inputs into a strategic programme and design guidelines and then the description of these outcomes. The fourth part defines a design strategy for the Arlequin’s urban renewal. First the urban structure and the public spaces of Yves Lion’s project is analysed. Then a design strategy for the urban structure, the gallery and the public spaces of the Arlequin area is proposed. Finally, the possibilities of the outcomes of the participatory process are developed by drawing in more detail some parts of the 8Introduction Master thesis’ research design( between brackets are the numbers of the table of content) Yves Lion’s PNRU 1 urban renovation project (6.1.) APU: Urban Workshop for the People (6.2.) St an d Workshop 1 Workshop 2 Interpretation (8.) Design guidelines (9.2.) Strategic programme (9.1.) Urban structure and public space analysis (10.) Design strategy for the Arlequin (11. & 12.) The participatory process’ added value and disadvantage (14. & 15.) Proposal for improved participatory tools (16.) Tim e Fieldwork (7.) Master thesis Arlequin’ s public spaces. The fifth part concludes the two research questions and opens up on the sustainable development issue. First there is a reflection on the participatory intervention. Second the added value and disadvantage of Yves Lyon’s project and the proposal for a design strategy are described. In this way it is understood how complementary a regular planning process and a participatory process are. Then improved participatory tools are proposed within a hypothetical democratic process for an urban renewal project. Finally there is a reflection on how the process of a urban renewal project can be democratic and how a democratic process supports the social sustainability of a project. III - CONTEXT IV - PARTICIPATORY INTERVENTION V - DESIGN STRATEGY VI - CONCLUSIONS II - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The theoretical framework describes: - the last recommendations for the improvement of the French urban renewal projects - the criteria for a democratic process for an urban project - two co-design examples in an urban context 10Theoretical framework1. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FRENCH URBAN RENEWAL PROJECTS 1.1. PNRU: National Programme for Urban Renewal ANRU: National Agency for Urban Renewal “The ANRU is a public body created in 2003 as part of the National Programme for Urban Renewal. It controls the development of urban renewal projects, from Projet de Dévelopement social des Quartiers ( Local neighbourhood Social Development projects) to Grands Projets de Ville (Major City Projects). The ANRU was created to simplify and speed up the control of urban renewal projects on the part of local collectives and rented social housing management bodies that wish to undertake urban renewal projects in priority areas.” (Druot 2007) The ANRU finances urban project with public and private funds. These projects have to take place in neighbourhood classified as sensible urban zone (ZUS), meaning neighbourhood with social and economic problems. (ANRU 2012) The frame to the right shows what can be the finances for an urban renovation project with the example of La Villeneuve. PNRU 1 (2003 - 2013) Ten years after the start of the National Programme for Urban Renovation (PNRU 1) in 2003, the ANRU’s Evaluation and Monitoring Committee (ANRU’s Evaluation Committee 2013) has done an assessment and has given advices for the start of the National Programme for Urban Renewal (PNRU 2). PNRU 1 objectives - to make the neighbourhoods a common Budget for the PNRU 1 of La Villeneuve of Grenoble (Grenoble city website 2014) Cost /finance: around 75M€ (subsidies) - habitat: 33.2 M€ - public spaces : 30 M€ - public functions: 4.4 M€ Payers - Grenoble city: 18.6 M€ (25% of the subsidies) - social housing bodies: 18.1 M€ (24%) - ANRU: 18 M€ (24%) - region Rhône-Alpes: 9.7 M€ (13%) - conurbation body: 5.2 M€ (7%) - Isère department: 4.8 M€ (6%) place - social diversity - reduction of social inequalities The idea behind making the neighbourhood a common place was to “break the ghetto” and to “normalise” the neighbourhoods. Social diversity has been then the second objective. By diversifying the physical structure, the population would be more diverse and this way social inequality between territories would reduce. Results Living environment and housing conditions have improved but the PNRU has not reduced segregation in France. The population of working-class neighbourhood has not changed radically and we can even observe increased inequalities between these neighbourhoods and their surroundings. PNRU 2 (2014 - ... ) Now, the ANRU’s Evaluation and Monitoring Committee asks to change the guidelines for the second National Programme for Urban Renewal. It should: - accept the existence of working-class neighbourhoods as well as their social role in the city, in order to give them the means to play efficiently this role. - to consider the neighbourhoods as asset and potential holders. - to evolve from a temporary and exceptionally PNRU to a cohesive territorial policy which takes place in the long term. Objectives - to respond to the needs of the inhabitants and to take into account their uses and potential. - to improve the residential and day-to-day mobility. Method - to co-produce the urban renewal project with the inhabitants. - to synchronise the social project and the renovation project of the urban renewal projects. - to articulate the endogenous development (constructing on the local assets) with the exogenous development (using the potential of the city’s environment). 11Theoretical framework 1.2. A neighbourhood management group for the participatory process Bacqué - Mechmache report The French city ministry François Lamy asked to the sociologist Marie-Hélène Bacqué and the associative responsible Mohammed Mechmache to study how participation of inhabitants could be improved in city policy. To do so, they have met managers of bottom up initiatives from the all country. The results of the mission have been published in July 2013 in a report called in a common way “rapport Bacqué – Mechmache”. The report has a radical approach: it advices to give power to the inhabitants in the decision- making process of the urban renewal projects in order to empower inhabitants to affect change. Some of the report’s propositions concern the process of the urban renewal projects. Amongst others, a proposition is to create a neighbourhood Management Group managing the participatory process with inhabitants. (Bacqué 2013, p 40 - 42 : Faire des instances de la politique de la ville des lieux de co-élaboration et de co-décision: profiter de la négociation des contrats pour engager une démarche de co-construction) Neighbourhood Management Group The urban project should respond to the inhabitants ‘needs and take into consideration their potential. To do so, a neighbourhood Management Group should be created six month before contract is signed for the project. This group will have the responsibility to elaborate a cross-disciplinary diagnose and to define the orientations and the priorities of the project. The diagnose will take into consideration the different dimensions of the local development: education, employment, health, urban layout, and habitat. The formed Management Group will be composed of around 30 persons. Minimum 50 % of them have to be inhabitants: 25 % representing the local associations, 25 % chosen randomly with quotas. The other 50% will be the economical stakeholders of the neighbourhood. The president of this group must be an inhabitant. The neighbourhood Management Group is an authority for discussion and for making propositions. It will have means in order to produce studies, to organise the participatory process, to defray the volunteer and to hire professionals not holding local stakes who can manage the participatory process. In order to involve a broad range of people, the Management Group will organise different types of action: gathering, public workshop, and thematic work-groups. Professional, political and citizen expertise will be used. The results from the debates will be presented for the public. During the whole urban project process, the Management Group will organise the participatory process, evaluate the process and manage a Participatory Budget. It will also propose ways to inform the whole population about the on going urban project. 2. DEMOCRATIC PROCESS FOR AN URBAN PROJECT 12Theoretical framework The architect, planner and researcher Avitabile proposes in the publication “La mise en scène du projet urbain“(Avitabile 2005) a method to carry out an urban project. He explains that an urban project process has three phases: a specification phase, a conception phase and a realization phase. In order to be democratic, the urban project process should respect the following criteria: - the objectives and strategies of the project should be defined collectively - public debate should be favour by involving the civil society at all steps of the process. - the stakeholders should be able to agree on clear choices - the decision-making process should be clearly defined. - the organisation of the project process and the distribution of responsibilities must be explained. Urban project process Specification Conception Realization Diagnostic Objectives Scenario Urban scenography - setting Program Operational conception Actions Constructions 13Theoretical framework 3.1. Aires de rien project, Paris 3. CO-DESIGN EXAMPLES The “Aires de rien” project is a co-design project experienced in the 13th arrondissement in Paris (Conseil de quartier 8, 13ème arrondissement de Paris 2011). The neighbourhood council asked the architect Jean-Marie Hennin to manage a participatory intervention with inhabitants in order to produce instructions for the improvement of the public spaces of the arrondissement. The inhabitants have selected public places and then produced with the help of the architect prescriptions for the improvement of the public spaces. First, the inhabitants described the place in detail: typology, address, motivation for action, surface, volume, existing planning rules, features, activities, colours and materials, uses, advantages, constraints, permanent or temporary action, comments, imagination. Secondly, the inhabitants proposed actions, installations and a layout for the place. These two exercises have resulted with place identity cards which were passed to the local council. The local council will take them into consideration for the future interventions in the public spaces of the neighbourhood. Proposition of installations for a public space within the “Aires de rien” project. (Fig.2) Public spaces selected in the 13th arrondissement. (Fig.1) Identity card of the public space called Patay Tolbiac (features part). (Fig.3) 3.2. Design Dialogue for Claesgatan, Malmö 3. CO-DESIGN EXAMPLES 14Theoretical framework Malmö municipality asked the design and engineering company Sweco to redesign Claesgatan street with a collaborative method. Johanna Eriksson, Jennie Fagerström and Sonia Andersson carried out a Design Dialogue process with the users and the stakeholders of the street (Eriksson 2012). Method The Design Dialogue method enables the users and stakeholders to formulate goals, to identify spatial needs and to develop and test ideas. The Design Dialogue has a structured process with an explicit aim, content and expected outcome for its five steps: introduction meeting (purpose, game rules, mission for the workgroup), first design workshop (identify and formulate qualities and issues, develop ideas, stimulate dialogue), second design workshop (implement goals and qualities, inspiration, build outline), third design workshop (discuss and evaluate, revise and complete, follow up the goals) and completion meeting(recapitulate, discuss and evaluate, possible revise or complement). Participants Residents, real estate owners, municipality representatives, politicians living in the area, shop/restaurant owners, local organisations and other interested locals were participating. Design workshop 1 A movie kicked off the discussion. On a board, participants placed sticky-notes about issues and qualities in the area. Then, they were formulating goals and visions for the area. The workshop managers helped the discussion in order to prioritize the ideas and to formulate questions. Design workshop 2 The discussion from the first workshop was synthesised into these questions: How can Claesgatan be an attractive meeting place for everyone? How can building support the street life (and vice versa)? How are practical functions and well-being achieved through a combination of traffic, playfulness and vegetation? In small groups, participants placed images, stickers and coloured papers on a map and a model of the street. Then, the different groups presented to the others the result of the discussion. Design workshop 3 Architects and planners presented an inspirational slideshow and two scenarios for the redesign of the street. Both scenarios responded to the questions. Then, with the help of a plan and a model, participants developed alternatives from the two proposals. Workshop 2: result from a group discussion (Fig.4) Workshop 3: plans of the scenarios (Fig.5) IV - PARTICIPATORY INTERVENTION V - DESIGN STRATEGY VI - CONCLUSIONS III - CONTEXT THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The context part describes: - La Villeneuve’s features - the Arlequin’s features - the Yves Lion’s project part of the First National Programme for Urban Renovation (PNRU1) - the Urban Workshop for the People, its features and first outcomes 16Context 4.1. Working-class neighbourhood 4. LA VILLENEUVE NEIGHBOURHOOD Source : Insee – RGP 99 (1999) Source : base ŒIL – DGI (1995 – 2000) Arlequin La Villeneuve Grenoble Owners occupier Rental social housing Population 0 -19 years old Population 60 - 74 years old Average cost dwelling (euros/m2) ~ 14 % 33 % 36 % ~ 86 % 67 % 36 % 33 % 20 % 7 % 12 % 497 € 644 € 1107 € La Villeneuve in Grenoble (Fig.6) Even though La Villeneuve neighbourhood is placed at the border of Grenoble city, it has a quite central place in the conurbation. Inside the ring road, not in the suburbs, the neighbourhood is ten minutes from the very centre of Grenoble by taking the tramway. Grenoble Urbanism Agency has made a study of the neighbourhood (L’agence d’urbanisme de la région grenobloise 2003). La Villeneuve of Grenoble had 10 692 inhabitants in 1999 and 4168 dwellings. The Arlequin’s buildings, on which the focus is, hosts 44 % of La Villeneuve’s population. It is a working-class neighbourhood: 2/3 of the dwellings are rental social housing. La Villeneuve is characterized as a working- class neighbourhood but in fact there are as much executive as in the whole Grenoble city. Yet, there are more labourer and employee, and less retired and student. La Villeneuve’s population is quite diverse. Actually, differences are more visible within the neighbourhood where 86 % of the Arlequin’s buildings are rental social housing. The Northern Arlequin has a lower presence of white collar and an over presence of labourer. The social housing of the neighbourhood hosts families with lower income. The unemployment rate of the neighbourhood is the same as the rate of Grenoble City, but the employment is more unstable. Between 1996 and 1999, the families in the neighbourhood became poorer. The view expressed by some inhabitants is that the impoverishment of the neighbourhood has intensified the last ten years. Compared statistics about the Arlequin, La Villeneuve and Grenoble population (data 1999) 17Context 4.2. Diversified neighbourhood La Villeneuve is organised around a 120 hectare park. The park is not “conurbation function”, this means it does not attract people living outside the neighbourhood. Today, it is mostly the inhabitants of the neighbourhood using the park. (BRAUP 2010, P 17 – 49: La mégastructure au risque de la ville). It is surprising because the park is of high quality and offers diversified spaces: broad lawn, pond, shaded pathways, squares and hills. The architecture is diversified and original. There are high rise buildings, low-rise buildings and towers, standing in the park or on a concrete slab. La Villeneuve has been constructed in the 70’s. The neighbourhood is composed of different set of buildings. This master thesis focuses on the Arlequin area and its relation with the park. The density of the Arlequin area is moderate: 100 dwellings per hectare, including the park. 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Neighbourhood’s components 18Context 1 2 3 4 5 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6 7 8 9 S P S P P P P S S S S S S S neighbourhood management office social centre’s administration youth centre community centre with a library, a café, local associations premises, social care services and public administration services. sport hall business area / area of activity social care institution 7 Trade gallery and market place with a pharmacy, a bakery, an optician, a muslim shop, a “bazar”, a phone- internet place, a wedding dress shop, a tobacco-newspaper store, a café - sandwich shop and a café - second hand shop. swimming-pool schools multi-storey car parks 19Context 5.1. 20th century cultural heritage 5. THE ARLEQUIN The BRAUP and PUCA research institutes did a research workshop about the urban structure in the south of Grenoble. (BRAUP 2010, P 17 – 49: La mégastructure au risque de la ville) It studies three types of urban structure. One of them is the Arlequin’s megastructure. The research workshop’s report explains the following: The Arlequin is a megastructure. It tries to reproduce the complexity of the traditional city into an architectural element. The circulation and the organization of the different spaces are very particular. The design of the Arlequin has been influenced by the international utopian movement presents Right: A. and P. Smithson’ s cluster city concept. (Fig.8)Below: bird view on La Villeneuve. (Fig.7) from 1950 to 1970. The utopian movement tried to renew the way to produce city. Linked to the British group Team X, some architects reacted to the modern movement’s functionalism. They refused the functional hierarchy and the zoning, enhanced mixed functions and used a organic metaphor instead of a machinist one. The design of the Arlequin has been inspired by the Cluster City concept. This concept, develop by A. and P. Smithson, reconciles infrastructures and neighbourhood scale within a new urban form. The public functions and the offices are plugged to a “street-building” containing the dwellings. 20Context 5.2. Arlequin’s gallery Arlequin’s gallery is 1465 meters long, 15 meters broad and 6 meters high. The gallery was conceptualised as a street: a meeting place and a trade place. (BRAUP 2010, P 17 – 49: La mégastructure au risque de la ville) The gallery gives access to the flats and the public functions. The gallery delimitates the north creek, the central creek, a market place and the south creek. From the north tip to the market place, the gallery is more or less at the ground level. From the market place to the south tip, the gallery goes up to reach four floors height. The gallery continues in the surrounded neighbourhoods. Direction north, it leads to a concert hall. Direction south, it leads to an attractive shopping mall in the conurbation. The gallery was planned to be modular. It can be filled with premises. Attachment points placed on the pillars permit to easily install a mezzanine. North creek South creek Central creek Market place Left: Arlequin’s urban composition plan (1977) (Fig. 9) Below: Arlequin’s section at different places in the gallery (Fig. 10) Pictures from the south creek gallery: from one tip to the other 21Context 5.3. Arlequin’s buildings Complex building The Arlequin’s internal organisation is very particular. There are two elevators per entrance. The two elevators don’t serve the same passageways. On the contrary, the staircase serves all the passageways. One passageway serves tree floors of dwellings. Therefore, most dwellings have to be accessed by a flight of stairs. Dwellings’ qualities: - functional layout - broad surfaces compared to what is built today - terraces on the south façades. Loggias on other ones. - diversity of sizes: from the studio to the 6 rooms flat - many dwellings have a great view View from a dwelling ‘s terrace placed above the market place Dwellings’ weaknesses: - because of stairs, most of the dwellings are not accessible for handicapped people and elderlies - poor sound insulation - average heat insulation - at some entrances of housing unit, the elevator takes long time to appear - there is no bicycle and pushchair premises in the common space - some entrances of housing unit are not directly accessible by car 22Context 6.1. PNRU1 urban renovation project designed by Yves Lion agency As part of the PNRU1, an urban renewal project is carried out in La Villeneuve Neighbourhood. The ANRU convention, guaranteeing the subsidies, was signed in 2008. The project is designed by the reputed Paris-based architecture agency Yves Lion. The constructions started in 2012 and should last till 2015. The Arlequin area was the focus for this PNRU1 urban renovation. A PNRU2 urban renewal with a focus on an other set of buildings should start in 2014. La Villeneuve’s PNRU1 urban renovation project has these objectives: - to open the neighbourhood into the city - to reinsert the Arlequin’s flats in the local estate market, by making the flats more attractive and by heightening social diversity - to develop the quality and the diversity of the activities and services available for the inhabitants The strategies to open the neighbourhood into the city: - continuous public spaces: direct relation to the ground, simplify the access to the housing units, give back quality to the entrance floor. - to link the neighbourhood and its surrounding: network the big parks and the broad landscape spaces, improve the pedestrians links, develop structural landscape spaces. - diversity: install activities, services, shops, offices in the entrance floor. - the interventions should favour openness, links, diversity, and avoid to create distance, barriers and homogenisation. Concerning social diversity, the aim is to diminish the social housing rate from 78 % to 50% in ten years by privatising some parts of the Arlequin. Functional diversity is developed by favouring proximity between the dwellings and the employment. Small city centres in the neighbourhood must be developed, in order to shorten the travels and to make the neighbourhood a place for everyday life. The PNRU1 project is part of a broader development project for the south of Grenoble. This project, called “Polarité sud de l’agglomération grenobloise” tries to integrate two working-class neighbourhoods with economic and social difficulties into a dense, active and attractive urban centre. (Grenoble-Alpes métropole 2012) La Villeneuve’ s PNRU1 urban renovation project (see the urban renovation plan in the appendix) (Fig.11) 6. EXISTING INITIATIVES FOR THE ARLEQUIN’S URBAN RENEWAL 23Context 6.2. APU: Urban Workshop for the People, a bottom up initiative ORGANISATION Gatherings An assembly gathers every month all the work-groups. Presentation of the work-groups’ propositions, debate and synthesis. Public Workshops For example, planning association has organised a scenario workshop: how to imagine the future of the neighbourhood? Futurist, fertile, rebellious and young, retro... The aim was to extract the inhabitants from their everyday life and trigger their imagination. ACTIONS (Breynat 2013, p42-57: les ateliers populaires d’urbanisme de La Villeneuve) Thematic work-groups Groups of inhabitants met every month. The groups work on different themes. The group Environment organised an action in the public space. Planting flowers with a “?” shape. Kids were participating. This action attracted new inhabitants to the process. Events Inhabitants have been discussing the park’s pond. Planning association has so organised a beach event: umbrella, deckchairs, volleyball field. The inhabitants were invited to enjoy and discuss what can be the future of the pond. Poster announcing a gathering (Fig.13) Some pictures used during the scenario workshop Picture of the beach event (Fig.14) Picture of the flowers action (Fig.12) Associative work The “Ateliers Populaires d’Urbanisme” (APU) translated as Urban Workshop for the People, is a collaboration between the inhabitants association “Villeneuve Debout” and the non-profit experts association “Planning”. The inhabitants association is the organiser of the participatory process. It uses his local network to involve inhabitants in the project. The experts association is the manager of the process. It does field work, organises actions and develops a network of inhabitants and stakeholders. Both associations’ leaders composed the APU’s management committee. Means The APU is funded by the Abbé Pierre foundation. It has an employee working full time. It has no premises but uses the association premises in the neighbourhood. Meetings are also done in inhabitants’ flats or in the public space. It has an association cupboard in the community centre for storage purpose. Collaborations The APU collaborates with other organisations and professionals on specific projects. For instance, it has collaborated with the CAUE (Advice Agency for Architecture, Urbanism and Environment) for the definition of La Villeneuve’s educational project. More, a researcher working in the Grenoble Architecture School has carried out a workshop with a card game making understand the stakeholders ‘interest in an urban project. (Fig.15) 24Context 6.3. APU’s propositions GOUVERNANCE HABITAT ENVIRONNEMENT EDUCATION ECONOMIE Themes Since its start in 2012, the Urban Workshop for the People has gathered many propositions coming from the inhabitants. These propositions were published in October 2013 in a PDF report with the title “Villeneuve, projet urbain stratégique et démocratique”, translated as “Villeneuve, strategic and democratic urban project”. The report describes around 50 propositions classified by themes: Governance regarding the associative life, the public services, the community facilities, and culture; The built environment regarding the dwellings, the passageways, the gallery and the façades; Environmental issues regarding urban farming, the park, health, greenery; Education regarding the schools and the educational project; Economy regarding services, employment, professional education, cooperative enterprises. These themes represent approximately the inhabitants’ work- groups. The propositions were presented during public gatherings especially during the event celebrating the 40 year of La Villeneuve. They were also sent to the authorities in Grenoble. Extracts Here below some extracts of the propositions list are translated. The image to the right represents the board with the list of propositions used during my participatory intervention. The propositions are written as: HABITAT: OUR PROPOSITIONS (…) TO MAKE LA VILLENEUVE’S FLATS ATTRACTIVE - to create a cooperative real estate agency - promotion of the high quality of the flats (website, flyers …) - to organise public visits to the flats LA VILLENEUVE’S FLATS HAVE A HIGH ARCHITECTURAL QUALITY! (…) TO CREATE “INTERSECTIONS” IN THE GALLERY - to install urban furniture - to make new signboards (…) THE GALLERY IS MODULAR, ONE AND INDIVISIBLE ! ENVIRONMENT: OUR PROPOSITIONS (…) TO DEVELOP THE PARK’S POTENTIAL - to organise events all year long ( Villeneuve beach, festivals, urban culture contest …) - micro-installations in the park ( redesign the surrounding of the pond, playgrounds, boule- field, barbecues…) (…) EVERYBODY IN THE PARK LET’S IMPROVE OUR LIVING ENVIRONMENT ! Board with the list of propositions used during the participatory intervention (see bigger size in the appendix) Event celebrating the 40 year of La Villeneuve (Fig. 16) 25Context 6.4. APU: a process triggering development Group work Some gardeners are part of the Environment al issues group work. They propose: what about developing gardening in the park? Event In order to know if more people are interested in the idea, they organise an event in the park. Flowers are planted with a “?” shape. Attracted by the event, more people are now supporting the idea. the idea. Allotment gardens are going to be installed in the park. Inhabitants are able to apply for one of the 60 plots in the future garden area. 1st project built Now, 60 people have the right to garden in the park! Yet, 200 people are in a waiting list to have a garden… Today, at the sight of the garden, even more people are getting interested. Field work The APU’s managers meet many inhabitants during the field work. Some of them say that they are interested in participating in a collective housing project. Networking The APU’s managers organise a meeting between all the persons interested. The inhabitants are then designing a collective housing project in an indoor passageway. 1st project The project groups activities, common facilities and dwellings in a small indoor semi-private passageway. Three floors of flats are linked to one passageway. In this project, some flats are converted into premises for activities: a day-care, a gym, the local media office and a sewing workshop. One flat is converted into common premises for all the dwellings: laundry, a big kitchen which is used by the families but also by the day-care and a cold room to store the day-care food as well as fresh milk sold directly to the Arlequin’s dwellings. The seven other flats are kept as dwellings. Taking scale The APU’s managers know other people who are interested in this kind of project. If this project is realised, it opens a path for other collective passageway projects. COLLECTIVE PASSAGEWAY DEVELOPMENT URBAN GARDENING DEVELOPMENT Nabeel Hamdi, a professional and researcher in urban participatory development proposes in the publication “Small change: about the art of practice and the limits of planning in cities” (Hamdi 2004) a definition for development: the power people have to organise themselves as a community and to give scale to a first small initiative improving everyday life. While working within the APU, I have observed that the APU’s process triggers this development. Here below is described an example of first initiative taking scale. The second example shows how the APU’s network allows the creation of groups of interest. Support from authorities After a discussion, the municipality supports Milk storage Laundry Cold room Gym Day-care Local media Sewing Kitchen Activities Common premises Dwellings Collective passageway project 6.5. APU’s method 26Context In order to explore a tool for a broad involvement of inhabitants in an urban renewal project, I have carried out a participatory intervention within the APU. I have worked with the APU as a trainee. My work had to be based on the APU’s existing work. I was free to chose the subject of study and the method of my participatory intervention. My field work in the neighbourhood has lasted one month and a half. Through my experience, I have understood in more detail what roles plays the APU and what its method is. Roles The APU’s management committee plays different roles: - Organiser of the coproduction of the urban project (by enabling the inhabitants to formulate concrete propositions for the urban renewal project) - local development agent (by supporting project holders, by creating a network) - defender of the rights and interests of the working-class ( for example, by organising a rallying against the sale of social housing) Neighbourhood Management Group The APU is inspired by the Bacqué - Mechmache report about participation of working-class inhabitants in the city policy. It shares features with the neighbourhood’s Management Group described in the report. Diagnose of the neighbourhood is managed by inhabitants. The APU triggers discussion and enable the inhabitants to make propositions. It collaborates with professionals not holding local stakes in order to manage the participatory process. It organises diverse actions in order to reach a broad range of people. The results of the process, the list of propositions, were presented during public events. Participatory Action Research (PAR) Henry Sanoff lists in the publication “Community participation methods in design and planning” (Sanoff 2000) different participatory methods in design and planning. Based on this publication, it seems that the APU relates to the Participatory Action Research model. The PAR model “reflects the view that people who use the environment, who are the traditional subjects of research, should be active participants in the research and equally active participants in changing the environment. This idea is based on the belief that user groups have an expertise equal to, but different from, the expertise of the professional. Participation thus becomes a central component of the research approach. Users are then involved in evaluating research results and, subsequently, in developing recommendations about how to address problems that have been identified.” (Gaventa 1993 quoted in Sanoff 2000) The goal of PAR is to empower people to affect social change. The research has political and social relevance. II - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK III - CONTEXT V - DESIGN STRATEGY VI - CONCLUSIONS IV - PARTICIPATORY INTERVENTION Here is explained my participatory intervention within the Urban Workshop for the People. First is described the stand and the two workshops I have carried out: what have been the communication, the range of people the interventions have reached, the exercises done by the inhabitants and the proceeding of the interventions. The inputs from the inhabitants need to be interpretated. Secondly, is explained how the interpretation is done with examples of dialogue with inhabitants. The examples show that the inputs from the inhabitants can be interpretated into a strategic programme and design guidelines. Third is described the strategic programme and the design guidelines produce with the outcomes from the participatory interventions and the fieldwork. NOTE ! The outcomes of the participatory intervention, meaning the strategic programme and the design guidelines, have not been checked yet by the inhabitants (June 2014). Therefore, the material present in this master thesis can only be considered as a testing. It is not a real representation of the inhabitants’ voices for the future PNRU 2 urban renewal project. 28Participatory intervention 7.1 Participatory interventions 7. FIELDWORK Field work I was on field for one month and a half. My immersion, my observations, my encounters and meetings with inhabitants, my discussions with the APU’s managers and my participatory interventions composed my field work. Interventions - one workshop at the community centre, Tuesday 25th February, from 16.30 to 18.00 - one workshop at the market square, Thursday 6th march, from 14.00 to 17.00 - a stand at the community centre, during three weeks, from Monday to Friday, from 16.30 to 18.00. Communication - sending e-mail to the APU’s contacts (more than 300 inhabitants) - pining up posters at the entrances of the housing units - distributing flyers during the stand Number of participants Stand: in average 3 persons per day, so around 45 persons in total. Workshop 1: 10 (12) persons Workshop 2: 5 persons have done the exercise (+2 children); we talked to approximately 30 persons about the APU project. Participants’ profile The population met during the intervention is quite diverse: young mother, elderly, student, former young trouble maker, people having done upper studies, people with different origins… I have met people living for years in the neighbourhood, newcomers and people who used to live there. The population is mixed but women are under-represented. Children, teenagers and people full time worker are also under-represented. Full time worker are too busy to take time to participate in the APU, even though they say that they are interested in it. Elderlies are over-represented because they are the one having time to hang out in the neighbourhood. Poster pined up at the entrances of the housing units 0-10 years 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60 and + Total Female 3 2 2 1 3 6 4 21 ( 42% ) Male 2 2 1 5 5 3 11 29 ( 58% ) Total 5 ( 10% ) 4 ( 8% ) 3 ( 6% ) 6 ( 12% ) 8 ( 16% ) 9 ( 18% ) 15 ( 30 % ) 50 Participants statistics There is no data for around 10 participants. The ages are guessed. 29Participatory intervention 7.2 Exercises Exercise 1: place a proposition A first exercise was carried out during the first two weeks of stand and in the first workshop. With the help of a map, pens, coloured stickers and a board with APU’s list of propositions, I asked: look at the propositions, which one would you like to support? Where would you place it on the map? Why there? A sticker with the proposition’s number was placed on the map and I was taking notes of the conversation. Exercise 2: draw a place and develop a place A second exercise was carried out during the final week of stand and the second workshop. I used the same materials but this time the map was full of stickers from exercise 1. The exercise has two phases. First, I asked the inhabitants: can you name a place of the neighbourhood? Can you draw it and describe its features? We were then producing a “place card” (A5 format) with the name of the place and its features. Secondly, I asked: having a look at the propositions situated in this place, could you tell if the position is relevant? Which propositions would be relevant in this place? We were then producing a “propositions for the place” card (A4, format) with the development of the propositions: worries about a proposition, who use it, who build it, who manage it. Stickers were also placed more precisely on the map. Outputs The first exercise gives a lot of information to define a strategic programme. The second exercise produces more outputs to define design guidelines: naming, drawing and describing the places indicate what their value is. In this way, the inhabitant’s mind map of the neighbourhood can be understood. Once this is done, the communication is easier, people know exactly which place is discussed. The “develop propositions for a place” exercise has been done for the area around the pond only. Both exercises are useful to define a strategic plan and design guidelines. The next pages explain how the interpretation into strategic programme and design guidelines is done. The “develop propositions for a place” exercise was only successful with the inhabitants who already knew about the APU and had already come through the first exercise. This means it is necessary to find a way to involve the participants deeper in the process in order to define more detailed design guidelines. Tools The stand and the workshop area were organised so it does not look like a reception desk which creates a distance. It is important that the inhabitants feel free to enter the area and speak. The chairs were organised around the table with no hierarchy. Pens, stickers, maps, papers, propositions board were easily accessible. A children’s area was organised so the kids were busy playing when the adults were concentrating on the exercise. Some materials used for exercises 1 and 2 30Participatory intervention 7.3 Workshops and stand Workshop 1 One of the APU’s managers and myself were managing the first workshop. Two others managers from the APU helped at the beginning of it. It was planned as follows: after welcoming the people, a presentation of the APU should be made as well as the first exercise. The people were planned to choose a theme (governance, built environment, environmental issues, education, economy) and sit down in small groups around different tables with the list of propositions. They should then brainstorm together for 15 minutes. Next, the five groups should gather around the main table with the map. Group after group, they were supposed to explain to the others where they place the propositions and why. The placement is then discussed with the others. The workshop ends with a conclusion and we ask for feedback among the participants. Before leaving, we ask for their contact information and they are informed of the next workshop and the stand. What happened was that few participants were present at the beginning, so instead we sat directly together around the main table. We discussed the placement of the propositions, theme after theme. People arrived little by little, so after a time we were twice as many around the table. It was challenging to manage the discussion: some were monopolising it, others were keeping quiet, the word had to be distributed among the participants. When the discussion was diverging from the exercise, we asked them to come back to the list of propositions and place the following one. The workshop was chaotic but rich in information, many propositions were placed. At the end, we asked for feedback: people were pleased by the exercise! They said it feels good to talk about a common project for the neighbourhood. Workshop 2 Three APU managers and myself were managing the second workshop. By organising it in the market, the idea was to reach people that usually don’t show up at meetings. The market is not an ideal place for a workshop. People arrived one by one so there was little collective discussion in the workshop. The second workshop proceeded more like a stand. However, it is a good communication event; it could have been done at the beginning of the intervention process in order to inform the inhabitants about it. The stand The presence took place in the central space of the community centre. An APU manager was informing the people about it at the entrance of the community centre by distributing flyers and discussing the list of propositions. People showing up were of three kinds: some were approached by my APU colleague, some were informed by the e-mail and some were passing by in the community centre. Comparing the amount of information and the time spent, we could say a workshop is more efficient. Yet, the presence permits to reach a broader range of people. The inhabitants who didn’t talk much during the first workshop came back the following days to the stand to discuss more. Some inhabitants need to come several times to participate actively in the exercises: first day they talk about an issue, another day they give a new proposition, another day they draw a Workshop 1 Workshop 2 The stand place, describe its features and place precisely the proposition. The stand gives people time to think about the exercises. 8.1. Inhabitants’ inputs 8. INTERPRETATION WORK 31Participatory intervention Dialogue Gwenaëlle d’Aboville explains in the article “Concevoir l’espace public avec les habitants : la concertation comme gage de délicatesse urbaine ” that the expert managing the participatory process needs to listen, analyse and interpret the talks. His role is to point out what make sense in talks which seem banal at first sight, by going into the dialogue in depth and by cross-checking the opinions. (D’Aboville 2012) Dialogues with inhabitants are full of signification. What we can interpret from them are: needs and issues, objectives, strategies, site’s potential, inhabitants ‘potential, conflicts. During my field work, I have received information in many ways: thanks to dialogues during the workshops, the stand, my observations in the neighbourhood and discussions with the APU’s managers. After receiving information, I was then questioning other inhabitants during the stand: is it really true people are throwing trash through the windows? I heard the social life in the passageway is not what it used to be? Somebody has proposed to place the barbecue units here, what do you think about it? When the conversation starts by asking what the issues are, people complain and the discussion stops quickly. Asking to place a proposition or to make a new one is a more positive approach. It permits creative talks; the issues come later in the discussion or can be deduced. Examples Reacting to the proposition “to develop the park’s potential” “It is a good idea to develop events. It will attract people from outside. The park is beautiful, it is a pity nobody knows about it. But we should not only organise “ghetto event”, but also, for instance, classical music concerts.” Outputs Issue: few non-resident frequent the neighbourhood Objective: to make the park attractive by developing its potential Strategy: to organize events all year long Potential: the park’s high quality Conflict: fear to have only the Hip Hop Culture representing the neighbourhood’s identity A little girl seeing us placing propositions “Can I also place a proposition?” Of course! Go on! “ A slope arriving in the lake, here, the water is deeper. (…) My mum one day got very upset; because somebody was letting his dogs swim in the lake.” Outputs Potential: the lake has different depth. Conflict: between the dog’s owners and the parents. Fear about kids ‘security. 8.2. Interpretation of inhabitants’ inputs into a strategic programme 32Participatory intervention Objectives and goals: This strategy responds to several objectives: - to develop the social life in the passageways - to favour entrepreneurship by allowing activities in the passageway - to improve neighbours’ relation These objectives respond to the goals: - to favour social cohesion - to develop La Villeneuve’s economy - to make Arlequin’s flats attractive Issues: - youths making noise in the passageway - youths squatting the passageway the evenings. Feeling unsafe. - the buildings‘ common spaces get quickly dirty. Opportunities: - social life can be dynamic, even today without the large common spaces - one dynamic passageway is enough to develop the social life in the staircase - neighbours interaction improves the buildings ‘maintenance and can prevent the squat of the passageway. We know that a group of inhabitants is interested in creating a “collective passageway” (see 6.4.). During the stand and the workshops, other inhabitants have expressed their interest to live in such a passageway. Strategy: - to promote a “collective passageway” for each staircase, on the first floor. It is better to place the collective passageway on the first floor. In this way, people going to the activities can take the stairs and so they don’t monopolise the elevator. Reacting to the proposition “to develop the social life in the passageways” How did it work? Were all the passageways dynamic? “This is a good idea (…) it used to be much better.” “No, not all of them. But that one was dynamic in the staircase was enough. The inhabitants were organising friendly meals and inviting the whole building. Neighbours get to know each other well. It was easier to manage the building.” Why did it stop? “There have been problems. Squats for example. Many common spaces have been deleted.” I heard the social life in the passageway is not what it used to be ? “Really? No, some passageways work very well today. Mine is great.” “Mine used to be nice, but the people have changed; now it is less dynamic (…) but I know other passageways working well.” I don’t understand why people don’t just ask the youths to go away. I used to live in a working-class neighbourhood in Paris, and the fact to ask them to leave was enough. They don’t want to have problems with inhabitants; it would be a great opportunity for the cops to have a motive to catch them. “But here they burn people’s car if they argue with them. (...) No, but you are right. Pressure from inhabitants can be enough. When I was living in the Arlequin, we had youths squatting our passageway. They were rude with people, noisy, we didn’t feel safe. So, with a neighbour, we had squat our own passageway every evening! We placed a table and were drinking tea until 23h! We had inform the police of our action and they told us we could call them if anything happened. The youths, seeing us, didn’t squat anymore the passageway. We never had any more problems after that.” 8.3. Interpretation of inhabitants’ inputs into design guidelines 33Participatory intervention This discussion has taken place during the first workshop. It is translated into the following functional layout for the garden areas: Trying to place the micro-installations in the park “It would be nice to have a bread oven as well.” “Yes, good idea.” Where would we place it? “At the market place? It is a meeting place. But it could be dangerous for kids, isn’t it? There is the school here.” “No, I don’t think this is dangerous …” “Wouldn’t it be better placed in the garden area?” “Yes you are right. (...) We would need a picnic table then as well” What else would we need for the garden area? “A compost area, here, next to the future recycling bins. (…) The compost should be close to the block of flats, or people will not bring their waste.” “We need a rainwater collection as well. Placed close to the garden.” Where exactly would we place the table and oven? “At the opposite side of the bins!” Gardens Bread oven tablehousing unit compost recycling bins Rainwater collection 34Participatory intervention 9.1. Strategic programme for the Arlequin and the park 9. OUTCOMES Method “A strategic plan is a method of developing strategies and action plans necessary to identify and resolve issues.” (Sanoff 2000, p 39: strategic planning) It consists of defining goals responding to needs and issues, then to translate the goals (desire general result) into objectives (desire specific result). The method to reach the objective is the strategy. The strategies are then detailed into action plans. Interpretation The APU made a list of propositions organised by theme: governance, built environment, environmental issues, education and economy. These themes represent approximately the inhabitants’ work groups. In order to make a strategic programme, I have reorganised these propositions and classified them by goals, objectives and strategies. Issues and other informations are deduced from my field work. The full strategic programme is in the appendix. In the next page are two examples of strategy from the strategic programme. Respond to real needs In order to define a strategic programme, the issues and needs are identified. This way, there is a guaranty the project responds to the inhabitants’ real needs and so supports the development of the neighbourhood. Synchronise the renovation and the social dimensions The definition of a strategic programme permits to synchronise the renovation and the social dimensions. Renovation and social propositions are combined to respond to the same goal. For instance, promoting a collective passageway for each staircase can develop social life in the passageways, and so improve the neighbours ‘relation. This can favour a better safety and maintenance in the building. Combined with the renovation of the dwellings and the passageways, it participates to the goal to make attractive the Arlequin’s flats. Synergies The definition of a strategic programme permits to pin-point potential synergies between different activities. For instance, there is a need for more playgrounds. One issue is that, early in their life, the children meet drug dealers in the public space. One strategy is to favour the adult presence in the public space. One initiative from the inhabitants is the development of allotment gardens. A proposition is to install sport installations in the park. A synergy is done when placing the adults’ activities next to the playgrounds. 9.1.1. Method and purpose I G S II I I O O S S S S Issues Goal Objectives StrategiesStructure of a strategic programme 9.1.2. Examples of strategy 35Participatory intervention - Strategy - Adults’ activities next to the children by placing the gardens next to the playgrounds - Objective - To improve the children’s free time. - Goal - To improve the education of the children - Issue - Children mixed with drug dealers in the public space. Garden and playground synergie to promote a “collective passageway” for each staircase, on the first floor to develop social life in the passageways to improve neighbours ‘ relation to favour social cohesion to develop La Villeneuve’s economy to favour entrepreneurship to make attractive Arlequin’s flats Strategy Objectives Goals Collective passageway strategy: a strategy responding to many goals PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT9.2. Design guidelines for the Arlequin and the park 36Participatory intervention The market place The beach The event area The meeting place The relaxing areaDesign guidelines The inputs given by inhabitants during the stand and the two workshops are interpreted into design guidelines. These design guidelines concern the renovation dimension of the urban renewal project while taking into consideration the strategic programme. The design guidelines concern: - places to protect and put in value - allotment gardens - local associations’ project in the public space - playgrounds - the gallery Places to protect and put in value By drawing the places of the neighbourhood, the inhabitants have described the places which they value today. These places are the ones situated on the following map. Scale 1/6000 37Participatory intervention The market place Features : - a meeting place, the Arlequin’s landmark for the inhabitants - local shops, café, market - passage to the tram stop by a trade gallery - shops have hard time to survive today Guidelines : - to develop local shops in the trade gallery and around the market place - to remove some premises for better light and view in the gallery - to make more noticeable the trade gallery and the market place from the tram stop improve design of the entrance tram stop premises to be removed existing local shop premises 9.2.1. Places to protect and put in value 38Participatory intervention The beach Features: - where many circulation paths meet - leisure: meeting place, swimming, picnic, sun bathing… Conflict: Dogs swimming in the lake, polluting the water. Kids are playing in the lake. Guidelines: - design the area between the swimming pool, the lake and the sport hall - make visible the interior of the sport hall from outside (glass). Create an access to the sport hall. - 2 options for the development of the place: a beach event each summer / add permanent urban furniture: picnic tables, water games, barbecues … Swimming pool Sport hall Lake Deckchairs water games picnic tables barbecue to be designed glass PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 39Participatory intervention tram stop Shopping mall Constantine street Giants’s square The beach The beach is a cross point between the tram stop, the market, the shopping mall, the Constantine street and the Giants’ square. Market place Scale 1/6000 40Participatory intervention audience tables, stands stages The event area Features: - where most of the events take place: concerts, La Villeneuve’s birthday, festivals, theatre … - open spaces and the shaded lime trees path Guidelines: - the place should be kept free of constructions - design the place so it can host big events: terraces on the hill, power points, removable football goals, move street lamp. Remark: “open the park to the city” can be done by inviting people from all over the city to outdoor events in the park. The park is the best one in town, superb views, big space. (Fig. 17) 41Participatory intervention big chessboard in the grove The relaxing place Features: - Quiet, free open space, hot in summer but shadow in the grove. Guidelines: - not construct or organise the place - a big chessboard in the grove, a good place to concentrate and think 42Participatory intervention The meeting place Features: - Meeting place of the Giants’ area: square, playground, open space for games, boules. - the meeting place moved from the Giants’ square to the park because a drugs dealer group have scared the atmosphere in the square. allotment gardens picnic tables Guidelines: - add picnic tables under the trees - allotment gardens along the path PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 43Participatory intervention Allotment gardens Individuals garden a small plot Collective garden A group gardens a broad plot Functional layout of the gardens’ area Existing gardens Today, people are already gardening there Location of the gardens in La Villeneuve Gardens Bread oven tablehousing unit compost recycling bins Rainwater collection 9.2.2. Allotment gardens Some inhabitants were already gardening in the neighbourhood. The APU has triggered the development of this initiative. Today, it is 60 allotment gardens that are installed in the park. We also know that 200 other inhabitants would be interested in gardening. To the right is mapped where are the existing gardens and where the inhabitants wish the new ones. The functional layout here below was defined during the first workshop. Gardens being installed The municipality is installing 60 allotment gardens Scale 1/6000 PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 44Participatory intervention KIAP’s terrace Boules’ shed Poucet garden‘s extension Barathym café’s terrace 9.2.3. Local associations’ project Some local non-profit associations would like to be able to use the public space. Here below is listed their project. Such projects are assets that can be included in the planning of the neighbourhood. Scale 1/6000 PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 45Participatory intervention playground to install or improve existing playground to install water games attractive for the all neighbourhood and even the city existing playground attracting the all neighbourhood There is a need for playgrounds next to the dwellings. Children also like the extraordinary playground in the middle of the park (with the big slide here below). This playground is an occasion for outing. Extraordinary playgrounds can also be a way to attract people from other neighbourhoods. Like so, water games can be installed in the lake. The families and the schools express the need of an outdoor covered playground. Different options were discussed: - one big playground in the middle of the park, accessible to all the schools and families. - Some small covered playgrounds in the schools’ courtyard and one in the Arlequin’s gallery. big covered playground gallery ‘s covered playground 9.2.4. Playgrounds 46Participatory intervention Sport structures Children’s playground The youths often annoy the others because they are “bored”. Providing activities for young people can then be a way to reduce delinquency acts. An health-round (free running, park-tour…) in the park will complete the sport installations. Such activities can also attract people from the A playground for teenagers and adults or/and sport installations. Up the hill, an intimate area and a sporty way to reach it. Down the hill, not far from the children‘s playground, so the parents can take care of their children when going out for sport. area around the neighbourhood. 47Participatory intervention Features: - the gallery as a circulation area - the entrance to the housing unit is opened Guidelines: - keep the continuous circulation in the gallery - the area along the gallery is dangerous: trash is thrown away from the windows - cross circulation : have to be highlighted and organised with some urban furniture (benches, bins) “dangerous zone” cross circulation continuous circulation elevators 9.2.5. The gallery PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 48Participatory intervention The cross circulations to be highlighted and organised with some urban furniture (benches, bins) Fill the gallery with premises: - premises for hand-craft as well as design and art offices. - the continuous circulation in the gallery has to be kept - There are different options to fill the gallery while keeping the continuous circulation II - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK III - CONTEXT IV - PARTICIPATORY INTERVENTION VI - CONCLUSIONS V - DESIGN STRATEGYIn this fifth part a design strategy for the urban renewal of the Arlequin is defined. First is analysed the urban framework and the public spaces of Yves Lion’s urban renovation project. Then, a design strategy for the Arlequin based on the strenghts of Yves Lion’s project and the outcomes from the participatory intervention is proposed. The design strategy concerns the urban framework, the gallery and the public spaces of the Arlequin area. Finally, in order to develop the possibilities of the outcomes of the participatory process, some parts of the Arlequin’s public spaces are drawn in more detail. Note ! The design strategy proposed in this master thesis cannot be considered as a proper strategy for the future PNRU 2 urban renewal project. It can only be considered as a material for analysis within the master thesis work. The design strategy proposed in this master thesis is based on a strategic programme and designed guidelines which are not yet validated by the inhabitants (June 2014). Furthermore, the complexity of the Arlequin area needs the expertise of an experienced and multi-disciplinary design team. 10.1. Existing urban structure 50Design strategy10. ANALYSE OF THE EXISTING PNRU1 URBAN RENOVATION PROJECT DRAWN BY YVES LION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T Arlequin’s area is today isolated from the street network of the city because no road serves it on all its length. Only two hooks serve the car park area of the housing units. And so, it is so not a passing area for the drivers. The two tram stops of the neighbourhood are assets. The public transports can be reached quickly from the Arlequin’s buildings. Yet, the public space around the tram stops and the entrances to the park from the tram stops are poorly designed. Nothing invites the pedestrian to have a look at the Arlequin’s gallery and its park. At the level of the southern tram stop, the gallery is filled with shops. This trade gallery leads to the market place. The rest of the gallery is mostly empty. Public functions, such as schools, sport hall, community centre, are plugged to the gallery. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T Road Tram line with stops Market place Entrance of the housing units Scale 1/6000 Plan cut at the level of the gallery Existing urban structure of the Arlequin area 10.2. Yves Lion’s strategy for the urban structure 51Design strategy PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T Yves Lion’s project has two scales of intervention. The first one, from the outside, works on the blocks of the neighbourhood’s ring by improving their readability and by making them more permeable. The blocks are rectangle and the buildings’ façades respect this structure. A building is demolished in order to create a street linking the broad avenue and the Arlequin’s central creek. Another street is created above the northern multi-storey car park and a new street links the north Arlequin to the south Arlequin. Two multi-storey car parks are rebuilt into new multi-storey car parks with facilities in the ground floor. There is only one tram stop, placed between the new blocks and serving the new market place. The second scale of intervention, from the inside, reorganises the urban structure of the Arlequin. The gallery is completely filled with premises: entrances of the housing units, public functions, activities and new dwellings. The Arlequin’s buildings become regular buildings standing in a park, with no circulation in the ground floor of the buildings. New entrances for the housing units are created in order to have smaller passageways. The multi-storey car park of the central creek as well as two slices of the Arlequin are demolished in order to make the park visible from the street. By locating the market place in front of these two park’s entrances, the idea is to “open the neighbourhood into the city”. A third park’s entrance is placed at the northern side of the Arlequin. Leading to an existing tree-line path in the park, it creates a structural landscape space (Grenoble-Alpes métropole 2012). PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T Road Market place Existing entrance of the housing units Scale 1/6000 Park’s entrance Entrance of the housing unit Existing building New premises Demolished slice Plan cut at ground level Tram line with stops Yves Lion’s PNRU1 urban renovation project’ strategy for the urban structure Blocks of the neighbourhood’s ring 52Design strategy 10.3. Yves Lion’s public spaces Extract of the PNRU1 urban renovation plan drawn by Yves Lion agency (see full plan in appendices) (Fig. 18) Activities Dwellings Public function Entrance of the housing units Regular planning has the merit of taking into consideration a scale of analyse exceeding the limits of the neighbourhood. This permits to reorganise the urban structure of the neighbourhood and its surrounding so as to integrate the neighbourhood in the general urban functioning of the city. By organising the circulation along a trade area, the economic development can be triggered. Organising circulation along the neighbourhood places it in the city mental map of Grenoble inhabitants. However, regular planning can take a radical approach and change deeply the neighbourhood’s balance. By moving the market place, demolishing slices of the Arlequin’s building and deleting the circulation in the gallery, the uses in the public space are completely disturbed. With no information about uses in the space, it becomes tricky to design a good quality public space. The result for La Villeneuve’s project is some standard public spaces around the new market place, with parking and tree line on both sides of the roadway and some public spaces with too less intention in the space in-between the Arlequin buildings. The space of the current market place illustrates this issue well. The drawing of the pathways shows the difficulties to imagine how this space could work. The pathways and passages in the gallery respect today’s uses, but because the market place’s activities do not exist anymore, these circulations seem irrelevant. In order to use the outcomes of the participatory intervention, the design strategy for the public spaces proposed in this thesis is built on the current uses and site’s assets. 11.1. Strategy for the urban structure 53Design strategy11. PROPOSAL FOR A STRATEGY BASED ON THE PARTICIPATORY INTERVENTION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T Road Tram line Market place Existing vertical circulation of the housing units Park’s entrance Housing units’ premises Existing building New premises Scale 1/6000 The proposal for a design strategy for the urban structure is based on the strengths of Yves Lion’s plan and uses the outcomes of the participatory process. The Yves Lion’s intervention on the blocks of the neighbourhood’s ring is followed. However, the two tram stops are kept and the existing market place is developed. The intervention on the urban structure of the Arlequin’s area is less radical. The Arlequin’s initial principles are kept: the gallery works as a street, with a continuous circulation and activities organised along it. Two third of the gallery is filled with premises. The last third is kept free for the pedestrian circulation. Keeping the continuous circulation implies to keep open the entrances of the housing units. These entrances are extended with bicycle premises. All parts of the Arlequin are kept. The main entrances to the park are through the gallery. The public space in front of the entrance is designed in a way so the passer-by is invited to cross the gallery and access the park. There is one entrance in front of the northern tram stop, a second one in the prolongation of the street lining the broad avenue and the Arlequin street and a third entrance in the market development space. A drop-off road close to the entrance of the housing units is accessible permanently by car. Bicycles are also taken into consideration by organising specific premises all along the gallery. The multi-storey car park of the central creek is kept in order to respond to the lack of parking close to the dwellings. Plan cut at the level of the gallery Blocks of the neighbourhood’s ring Proposal for a strategy for the urban structure of the Arlequin area 11.2. Strategy for the gallery 54Design strategy Entrance’s premises Premises for handicraft or art and design offices Premises for offices or art and design offices Premises for shops or handicraft Collective passageway The collective passageway gathers dwellings, a common area and activities. The activities will attract many people. In order to not monopolise the elevators, the collective passageway is placed on the second floor. In this way, it encourages people to use the stairs when going to the activities. 11.2.1. Activities in the gallery A design strategy for the gallery needs to be defined because the design of the gallery and the entrances affects the urban structure of the Arlequin. The entrances are kept open. Bicycle premises are organised next to the staircase and the two elevators. On the ground floor, one storey high premises can be constructed. They can suit shops or handcraft. On the ground floor, duplex premises can be constructed. They can suit handcraft or art and design offices. On the first floor, premises for offices or art and design offices can be constructed. These premises are accessible through the entrance of the housing unit. Axonometric explaining the activities which can be organised in the gallery. 55Design strategy Design criteria - keep the continuous circulation in the gallery - create a sequence in the gallery so the entrance of the housing unit is visible - do not make people stay in the “dangerous zone” - enhance the access to the park - preserve the volume of the elevator’s tube. Plan of a slice of the gallery, cut at ground level (scale 1/500) 11.2.2. Entrance of the housing units In the circulation path, the first floor is built around the elevator. It permits the access to the first floor with the elevator and it produces a sequence in the gallery, indicating the entrance. The entrance of the housing unit is open in order to keep the continuous circulation in the gallery. The activities‘ storage area alternates with the shop front, creating a rhythm in the gallery. Bicycle premises are organised in the entrance. They extend in the park, blocking the circulation in the dangerous zone and opening the entrance to the park. There is approximately one bicycle place per dwelling. Garbage is placed in underground containers. It is thrown away through the openings alongside the road. The design of the area around the elevator must be designed carefully in order to keep the volume of the elevator’s tube. Duplex premises can be constructed in the gallery. The design criteria take into consideration the design guidelines and the strategic programme. 11.3. Strategy for the public spaces 56Design strategy PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ES K E D U C A TI O N A L PR O D U C T PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PR O D U C ED B Y A N A U TO D ESK ED U C A TIO N A L PR O D U C T square short term parking backyard: inhabitants’ parking, bicycle premises, shops’ delivery area, access by car to the entrance of the housing units. entrance to the park and the market place. Two trade galleries lead to the market place. market place the beach entrances to the park theatre’s entrance. Attractive facade. allotment and collective gardens playground. Preferable close to the gardens in order to have adult presence next to the children. Barathym café’s terrace extraordinary playground event area sport installations linked to a sport path leisure attraction: climbing wall relaxing area Status of the public spaces Entrances Attractions Activities for inhabitants Strategy for the public spaces of the Arlequin area and the park (scale 1/6000) 12.1. Development of the market place 57Design strategy12. DETAILED PLANS OF PUBLIC SPACES Vegetal coating Gallery’s ground Permeable coating Impermeable coating Plan of the development of the market place (cut at ground level, scale 1/1000) PondAsphalt In order to show how a project can be based on the existing uses and site’ assets, the market place development is drawn in more detail. The market place is a key element of the proposal. The inhabitants value it and consider it as a landmark. Its development will offer every-day facilities to the inhabitants and lead the passer-by to the lake and therewith the park. The space is developed along two trade galleries. Built space The existing trade gallery is improved: two premises are removed. The school in front of the tram stop is moved in the multi-storey car park building in order to make the gallery visible from the tram stop. It creates a good place for a café terrace. A direct pathway links the market place and the tram stop. A premise defines the boarder between the market place and the garden area in front of the tram line. A temporary parking in front of the trade gallery makes the shops accessible to drivers. The southern gallery is fi