Master thesis Chalmers Architecture, Autumn 2016 Stina Lööf Accessorizing the Bakery Adapting an Industrial Building for a New Context Accessorizing the Bakery -Adapting an Industrial Building for a New Context Master Thesis Chalmers Architecture, autumn 2016 Stina Lööf, Design for Sustainable Development, MPDSD ARKX03 30 hec Examiner: Inger Lise Syversen Supervisor: Peter Selberg 3 Preface After almost five years of architectural studies at Chalmers University of Technology, it is now time for the final task, the master’s thesis. This thesis will focus on gentle adaptation: how an industrial buildning can be developed to fit a new and public context, with both regards to the architectural heritage and its current function, a bakery. I want to thank everyone who helped me through out this project: Rune Jerkstrand, for letting me base my work on Jerkstand’s bakery. Peter Selberg, for being a great supervisor, who has helped me structure my work and lift my strengths. Inger Lise Syversen for support and encouragement. Ulrika Lindahl and Frida Olsson, for all the laughs, comfort and necessary coffee breaks. Therese Radeklev, Åsa Landahl, Linn Roldin and Mattias Lind for great support and good advices. But most of all, I want to thank my family, Movits and Nicolas, because you both have been patient with a mother and partner who has been very busy the last few months. Thanks for being there and always think I am good enough! Stina Lööf Gothenburg, autumn 2016 070 29 24880 majastina.loof@gmail.com 5 Table of contents Abstract INTRO Introduction What this is about Research question So, what do I mean with... What I want to do Why this is important How I want to do it Reading instructions Significant words to remember BACKGROUND A growing city Gothenburg Gamlestaden The slaughterhouse area A new vision Previous course The slaughterhouse area tomorrow Jerkstrand’s bakery The company The location CONCEPT The accessory Finding a strong concept Againt a fixed base The coat Six different properties Reference projects Other accessories THE BAKERY The base of the accessory History Changes over time Current state Exterior details and qualities Interior functions and movements Interior details and qualities ANALYSIS The site Exterior functions and movements How to reach the building Sun study The addition Position study The right place for a addition Morphology study PROPOSAL The accessory The new addition for Jerkstrand’s bakery Top view Site plan Shape Floor plan 1:300 Zoomed in floor plan 1:100 Section B-B Section A-A Materials 7 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 D 15 15 16 18 20 20 22 24 24 25 27 27 28 30 33 34 34 39 39 41 42 44 46 48 S 51 51 52 54 56 56 58 60 P 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 South-east facade North-east facade South-west facade Technical solutions Exterior perspective Interior perspective The addition as an accessory OUTRO Conclusion Reflections The most challenging The most interesting The Addition Great support Refecences 75 76 77 78 80 81 82 85 86 86 87 88 89 90 6 Jerkstrand’s bakery in the slaughterhouse area in Gothenburg. Photo Stina Lööf 7 Abstract Accessorizing the bakery heritage the building has retained its character as an industrial building from the 60s, but has now been graced with an inviting and welcoming frontage and entrance. The method is mainly Research by design. Investigations have been done through sketches and 3D modelings. A strong concept, the accessory, has been an important tool for guiding and supporting the design process and final result. A tightly buttoned coat is representing the introvert industrial building. By describing an accessory’s different qualities and then convert them into architecural design, the building has got an addition as an instrument to enhance its own image and strenghen its conditions to fit into a public context. Keywords: Sustainable development, gentle adaptation, industrial building, industrial heritage, architectural heritage, adaptation, preservation The purpose of this master’s thesis is to adapt an industrial building and its current function for a new context. Investigations has been done on how an addition to the building may be a gentle way of adapting with regard to original qualities and different time layers. Gothenburg’s former slaughterhouse area from 1905 is located west of Gamlestadstorget. This area is today dominated by industries, but the municipality and the real estate owners on the site want to develop the area to become a public place and a central, vital part of the inner city. Jerkstand’s bakery is located in this area. It was built in 1963 and the company and business are still flourishing. Their plan is to stay in the area, but in a future public context their introvert industrial building may be perceived as inaccessible and anonymous. The final outcome of this master’s thesis is an extension to the bakery in terms of a cafe, with a shop and serving area. With regards to the industrial INTRO 9 This master’s thesis will investigate how to adapt an industrial building for a new, public context. Today, densification is one of several strategies to develop a growing city. One consequence may be large-scale demolitions of already existing buildings, which often leads to removal of functions and people. To avoid a possible gentrification and allow a variety of both new and old architecture, functions and people, I believe in strengthen and adapt buildings and functions that already exists in a site. Replacing existing structures with new high-rise buildings can be understood from a perspective of efficiency and revenue. But what often gets lost in these processes is historical and social richness. With an interest in both new and old architecture and sustainability issues, I wanted to find a subject for my thesis that contained all these elements. During a previous course about architectural heritage and urban transformation, I found Jerkstrand’s bakery. It is located in the former slaughterhouse area, north- east of Gothenburg’s city center. The function as a municipal slaughterhouse ended in the beginning of the 60’s, but it is still dominated by industries. Because of Gothenburg’s increasing population, new city districts will emerge on land previously used for industrial purposes. Therefore the municipality want to develop the slaughterhouse area to become public and a part of the inner city. I started to think about what would happend with the bakery in a different context? The building has many beautiful qualities, but when the area becomes public, it may be perceived as inaccessible and anonymous. For me, the bakery can be described as introverted, like someone who is unwilling to let peolpe in and rather prefer to spend time on its own than in a social context. In a future public context people would smell the bakery but not find the entrance, because of its closed expression. Introduction What this is about In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 10 What follows is my perceptions of what my research question is about. The answers is connected to a new vision I have created for the slaughterhouse area (more about the new vision on page 20). ...a public context? An area where different functions as trade, production, companies, offices and services are sharing space and by being exposed attract peolpe. ...an introvert industrial building? A building which purpose only is for production. No commercial activity or transparency reveals what is going on inside. ...a gentle adaptation? Changes done with regard to the building’s original appearance and valuable qualities of different time layers. So, what do I mean with... Research question Jerkstand’s bakery was built in 1963, the building has a typical industrial character from the 60’s, with dominating brick walls and a less amount of windows. The building’s expression is closed and privat and its frontage is partly hidden by a covered loading dock. There is a small shop inside, but if you do not know where to go, you can not find the way in. I see good potential in both the location, building and function. The building has received several extensions over the years but has kept its character as an industrial building from the early ’60s. I want to adapt the bakery for a public context, but also retain the industrial heritage. This is why this thesis has come to focus on gentle adaptation. So, with both regard to the industrial heritage and the current function I will investigate: How to gently adapt an introvert industrial buildning for a new public context? In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 11 A gentle adaptation of the introvert industrial building to fit a public context could look like this. In the industrial context today, trucks are dominating the streets. In the future public context, small trucks are allowed, but people are dominating the streets. The introvert industrial building might be perceived as inaccessible and anonymous in a public context. An adaptation of the introvert industrial building to fit a public context could look like this. What I want to do Retain the bakery’s character as an industrial building from the 60’s and add a salient and welcoming extension connected to it. Because selling attracts peolpe the choice of function was given. Of course the bakery needs a cafe and a shop in a public context. A gentle adaptation of the introvert industrial building in a new public context could look like this. The production inside the building is kept and an extrovert and welcoming extension is added. Cars and small trucks are allowed, but people are dominating the streets. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 12 For Jerkstrand’s bakery: To maintain their business in an attractive area and be able to increase their profit partly by being more exposed. For the architectural heritage: To remind us about old building techniques, materials and styles. For the new public context: A rich and prosperous public area consists of a few main components where I think a cafe is a given part. For the slaughterhouse area: To remain and promote a diversity of different types of architecture, functions and people. For the city of Gothenburg: To visualize the city’s historical development and transformation over time. Why this is important The method is mainly Research by Design. Investigations will be done through sketches and 3D models. A strong concept, the accessory, will be an important tool, for guiding and supporting the design process and end result. The concept of the accessory is chosen because it is a removable part, which purpose is to enhances and improve without doing notable damages. This is for me an appropriate approach when searching for a gentle adaptation. The idea of this thesis is completely invented by me, Stina Lööf. The owner of Jerkstrands Bageri AB, Rune Jerkstand, will be the link between reality and my ideas about what could be a possible solution for the bakery in a future public context. How I want to do it In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 13 Reading instructions This report has seven chapters. INTRO is about the research question, what I want to do, how I want to do it and why I think this is important. BACKGROUND is about how Gothenburg prepare for a growing population. Briefly about the slaughterhouse area’s history and current situation. A new vison for the area and a short discription of the company Jerkstands Bageri AB, is also presented. CONCEPT describes how an accessory can be used as a tool to achieve a gentle adaptation of an introvert building. THE BAKERY is about the building’s history and changes over time. Important details and qualities are listed. ANALYSIS shows different studies of the site and the building, which ends up in where to add the extension and which shape I will start designing from. PROPOSAL presents the final design of the addition. OUTRO consists conclusion and reflections. Public context: An area where different functions are sharing space and by being exposed attract peolpe. Introvert industrial building: A building which purpose only is for production. Gentle adaptation: Changes done with regard to the building’s original appearance and valuable qualities of different time layers. Accessory: Is an added part where the aim is to strengthen and improve its base in a social/public context. Base: Is a neutral part the accessory acts against. Property: A specific quality of an accessory. Significant words to remember: In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro BACKGROUND 15 In the year 2035 Gothenburg’s population is expected to have grown into 700 000 inhabitants, 150 000 more than today. (Development Strategy Gotheburg 2035). The increasing population will need housing, working places, services and public transport in order to live a good life. In december 2013 the city of Gothenburg presented a strategy Development Strategy Gothenburg 2035, about how to grow and develop in a sustainable way. The main strategy will be to grow within the already built areas in the city and around strategic nodes. The focusing areas are in the intermediate city; the interlinked city districts outside of the city centre. This areas already have good public transport, good services and where many of the city’s inhabitants live and work. (Development Strategy Gotheburg 2035). Development Strategy Gothenburg 2035 says: To attain the compact city with qualities that simplify daily life, there are three directions to take: A growing city Gothenburg Make use of what already exists: This concerns densification, supplementation and development of the city where existing resources and investments already made can be used efficiently, such as infrastructure, services and public transport. In these areas there is already a base that can be reinforced and there is less need for new investment. Develop central points: By developing and intensify around central points, places and areas in the city can be attached to a centre. This improves the supply of shops, services, public transport, etc. Focus energy on where it will make a difference: Development around a few central points makes substantial difference. With extra effort, which means that the work is done on the basis of an overall idea, with a focus on the overall picture and over a longer period of time. This focus of efforts also involves a broad cooperation between the stakeholders and resource-efficient methods of working. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 16 One of the strategic nodes to be developed is Gamlestaden. This is the entrance to the north- eastern districts with a long and rich history. It is planned to be a dense, urban and dynamic mixed city with a varied content of offices, housing, cultural, services and leisure activities. At Gamlestadstorget and above the old medieval town Nya Lödöse a new travel center and transportation hub is being built right now, as well as housing, shops, offices and hotels. The old ball-bearing factory SKF, will become a new commercial center and at Säveån water front new residential areas will be built. The whole district will have doubled its population by the year of 2035 (goteborg.se). Gamlestaden Future picture of Gamlestaden. The new travel center at Gamlestadstorget. The new commercial center SKF. Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 17 The slaughterhouse area Gamlestaden City center Götaälv Gamlestadstorget 18 The slaughterhouse area Today there is still a number of companies in the food industry, with a primary focus on meat and processed meat. There is also other types of activities going on, for example companies working with construction and logistics, a health care centre, urban farming and a brewery. - Today the area is cut off from surrounding areas by roads and railways. - It is dominated by large companies with meat related businesses. - Trucks are allowed in the entire area and most of all the open spaces are meant for parking. - Due to the heavy traffic and functions only open during day time the area can be perceived as unfriendly sometimes. - There is almost no greenery in the site. - North-west of Jerkstrand’s bakery is the slip road of road E45 which causes noise and air pollution. Close to the new public transport node Gamlestadstorget, the old slaughterhouse area is located. This area is today dominated by industries and cut off from Gamlestaden by roads and railways. Future plans and visions are under construction and within a few years the municipality and the real estate owners on the site want this area to become a public place, accessible for the citizens. What functions that will stay in the area and what should be added is not yet decided. It was built between 1902 and1905 as Sweden’s first municipal slaughterhouse. Totally it was 24 buildings designed by architect Otto L Dymling in typical jugend style from that time, with brick facades and with elements of plaster and natural stone. From the beginning the purpose was to secure a more hygienic slaughtering process and this was the purpose for nearly 60 years. In 1965 the last animals were killed and since then a lot of different buildings and functions have been added. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro Gamlestaden Gamlestads- torget Marieholms industrial area Säveån E4 5 City center Ra ilw ay Tra m wa y The factories of Gamlestaden Gamlestadstorget heavy traffic parking loading area greenery Buildings from 1905. The water tower and chimney are important landmarks for the slaughterhouse area. Building from 1963. Extension from the 60’s. Ma rie ho lm sle de n Götaälv Jerkstrand’s bakery Slakthusgatan Wate rlo og ata n Walckesgatan 20 A new vision Previous course In previous studio Architectural Heritage and Urban transformation, I had the chance to work with a transformation project in the slaughterhouse area in Gamlestaden. Ulrika Lindahl, Frida Olsson and I created a new vision for the area and did an in-depth project Common kitchen, come on! (Lindahl, Olsson, Lööf, 2016) with one of the original building from 1912, the calf slaughterhouse. I have chosen to base this project on our vision. We did a list of different objevtives to achieve the vision and out of these, different strategies to reach the objectives. In the picture to the right I have listed how this project will respond to these objectives and strategies. OB JE CT IV E T O ACHIEVE THE VISION Strategy to achieve this objective How this project responds to this strategy. The new vision for the slaughterhouse area is: Restore the slaughterhouse area as a role model of sustainable food production and consumption systems in Gothenburg, according to the demands of today and the future. Why this vision? From the very beginning the purpose of the slaughterhouse was to secure a more hygienic slaughtering process. We have now come to a time where the meat consumption has reached new heights and the need for attention to a wider selection of food has occurred. In Sweden today the self-sufficiency level is very low. To be able to meet the demands of tomorrow this needs to change. More attention should therefore be directed to this issue. There are already things happening in this area promoting the idea of being more self-sufficient. This vision wants to support these initiatives and its heritage of securing the food supply. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 21 SH OW CA SE SU STAINABL FOOD SYSTEM S Transform with respect for existing well-functioning structures and building. With regards to the industrial heritage and the current function, the bakery will retain its appearance and qualities. Restore, repair and reuse materials on the site. As long as it is possible restore, repair and reuse materials. Strengthen connections within the area with regards to e.g. waste management, transports and facility usage. The new addition will have good connections the current building. By moving the loading dock to the bigger loading area on the south east side of the building, less cars and big trucks will occupy the street outside the bakery. Allow businesses with in different sectors: production, commercial, non profit, leisure activities, education ect. Keep old but built new when needed. The end result will give Jerkstrand’s the opportunity to have both production a shop and a café at the same place. A new addition and function will be added to suit the new context. Reduce the dominance of meat production in the area. Promote local and small-scale production of food. Make place for the whole food cycle - production, consumption and waste. Jerkstand’s bakery is a local and a small scale company. Leftovers from the bakery can feed the urban farmers pigs and goats. By develop the bakery there will be less focus on meat production. Focus on the connections between old and new materials, buildings, building parts and functions. DI VE RS ITY - A M IX OF FUNCTIONS, BUILDINGS AND PEOPLE US E A ND TA KE CARE OF EXISTING RESOURCES CREATE STRONG CONNECTIONS Jerkstrand’s bakery in Gamlestaden 22 The slaughterhouse area tomorrow - The area is now dominated by many small businesses and functions. Many of them are connected to food production and consumption. - People are working and visiting the area 24/7, because of the variety of different functions. - Loading zones are located in the outskirts, but smaller trucks are allowed in the area for loading. - There is more greenery than before and many of the parking lots have reinforced grass surfaces. - The slip road from road E45 is moved up north and trees have been planted between road E45 and Jerkstrand´s bakery, this has led to less disturbing traffic noise and better air conditions around the bakery. - There is a new tunnel for pedestrians and bicycles between Gamlestadstorget and the slaughterhouse area to make the site more accessible. - New office and residential buildings have been added in the north, people who are working and living there, often pass through the area on their way to the traffic node at Gamlestadstorget. 1. The transformed calf slaughterhouse, Common kitchen, come on! 2. New office building, by the real estate owner Klövern. 3. Meeting between new and old. Klövern’s office building and a building from 1905. Photo: Stina Lööf Fig 4 Fig 5 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro Slakthusgatan Wate rlo og ata n Walc ke sg ata n h as be en ex ten de d Gamlestaden Marieholms industrial area Säveån E4 5 City center Ra ilw ay Tramway The factories of Gamlestaden Gamlestadstorget and the new travel center Jerkstrand’s bakery heavy traffic small trucks for loading pedestrian & bicycle new buildings, both offices and resitantil area loading area greenery parking ljhbl ljhbl ljhbl ljhbl ljhbl ljhbl ljhbl ljhbl main street square 1 2 3 24 When I came up with the idea of this thesis I contacted the owner of Jerkstands Bageri AB, Rune Jerkstrand. He was positive when I asked if I could base my ideas on his bakery. I presented my thoughts about adding a public part to the building, as a way of adding new qualities, without destroying the existing business and building. He told me that the company’s future plan and wish is to stay in the area and that they also have been thinking about adding serving areas if the slaughterhouse area should be Jerkstrand has 20 employees working in their main bakery. developed and become a public place. Jerkstrands Bageri AB is a classic confectionery with a bakery business who cares about traditional craftsmanship. They have today nine cafes and eight resellers of their products around the city. The main office and bakery are located in the slaughterhouse area in Gamlestaden. The owner of the building is Rune Jerkstrand but the plot is leased by the municipality. Jerkstrand’s has 20 employees working in their main bakery today. Jerkstrand’s cafe in Saluhallen, in Gothenburg. Photo: Stina Lööf Pastries from Jerkstrand’s bakery. Jerkstrand’s bakery The company Jerkstrand has nine cafes around the city. Fig 6 Fig 7 Fig 8 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 25 The location The bakery is located in the west part of the slaughterhouse area. It is surrounded by both original buildings from 1905 and new structures from 1960’s and 70’s. North-west of the building is the slip road from E45. Entrances from Slakthusgatan Entrance from Waterloogatan E45 Entrance from Walckesgatan Jerkstand’s bakery In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro CONCEPT 27 - something added to something else to make it more useful, attractive, or effective Merriam-Webster - an extra part that improves or completes the basic part wordreference.com - a detail, often used to enhance a person’s image or self-esteem tyda.se The accessory Finding a strong concept After identifying the bakery’s needs to fit into a public context (an addition with a cafe and shop) I wanted to identify my needs for a successful design process. An architectural concept is a guiding principle that gives a project direction. It is the theme of the project, the argument or big idea that guides such elements as order, proportions, organization, or hierarchy and is often determind by the most important aspects that the project must accomplish. (Smith, A. Schank Smith, K. 2015) Smith and Schank Smith mean that these priorities are the boundaries that guide me as a designer. These are important because I need to establish limits to what should and should not be considered. Without this delimitation framework anything is possible, which in many cases can be obstructive. Definitions of an Accessory In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 28 During this education, I have slowly discovered and understood the importance of a clear concept to guide myself and others in my creative work. The end result has not always been an obvious respond of the concept, but it has helped me move foreward and keep the theme. When I began working with Jerkstrand’s bakery there was still no clear concept. But after visiting the site and building a couple of times, I began describing the buiding as introvert instead of closed and inaccessible. I started thinking of the function as an industrial worker and the building as its coat. To describe the bakery as a ”tightly buttoned coat” was suddenly obvious and the easiest way to describe my feeling of the building in a future public context. The buttoned coat fits into the current context but may be ”under-dressed” in a public context. By open up the coat a little and add an accessory, it will adapt to a social context without being transformed. I believe that an accessory acts against a fixed base. The result and impact is different if the conditions change (the base). Generally, I think that the accessory is secondary to the base and its overall ability and capacity is to be a contrast. The base and the accessory individually carries significant qualities and values, but the synergy that occurs is what I want to reach. The accessory owns the attention for a while and let the base be a neutral part to act against. Its purpose is not to take over, just to move the focus for a while. I would say that an accessoary’s mainly purpose is to strengthen and improve the workers coat in a social context. It should attract and invite people, seek the attention, support and highlight good qualities of the coat and of the person who wears it. Against a fixed base In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 29 30 Now imagine the same coat on a Saturday evening on the way to a party. The coat is no longer as tightly buttoned and some accessories have purposely been added. A brooch just below the collar, a small bag on the hip and a sheer, colourful scarf around the neck. The purpose of the coat is still to keep its owner warm and dry, but in this social context it is expected to shine instead of whisper. Tonight the person who wears it wants to be attractive and salient, not blend in. Now it is time to claim the space and open up a dialog. Imagine somebody on the way to work an early morning. Somebody is covered and protected by its coat. The coat is tightly buttoned all the way up to the chin. It has a style, but there are no features or details to tell anything about the person it is covering. The purpose of the coat is to keep the person inside dry and warm. The functionality is the most basic. This coat is just one of many other coats, also on their way to their daily work and they all carry an anonymity and a security. Although it is crowdy, there is no expectations that the person under the coat has to start a conversation with an unknown travel companion. The coat is only whispering its unpretentious task. The coat In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 31 In the same way as the buttoned coat, a chilly morning, has as its primary task to keep its carrier warm, in an ocean of other tightly buttoned coats, I identify Jerkstrand industrial building as something that protects its business, hidden on the inside against the weather and uninvited guests. It has a style but nothing reveals about what might be inside. There is no need to seek attention of any passing customers, as the environments it is built in is intended for production. Just like I am adapting my attribute to the context I am in, I believe this building needs an accessory with a well thought function to fit into a new public context. I do not want to redo my coat, or take on another. If you look a little bit closer, my coat has many beautiful details and above all, it carries a story. I envision that an extension to this functional and robust but anonymous and inaccessible building, would work the same way as a brooch or bag would do to my coat in a social context. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro Contrasting Interacting 32 By adding an accessory the introvert building will have an instrument that can enhance its image, and make people become curious. To further explain my point, I have chosen to divide the accessory’s properties in six different parts: Shape, connection, function, materials, position, and size. What follows is my interpretation of which qualifications an accessory has. connection The connection between the accessory and its base may be style, detail, material, function or color. shapeThe accessory’s shape is contrasting to the base but can has similar proportions. po siti on The position of the accessory is clearly visible and in balance with the base’s size and shape. It may not cover significant details of the base. m ate rial The accessory’s material is or seems to be more exclusive than the base’s. size The accessory is smaller than the base. fun ction If the accessory has one function or more it will be used more frequently. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 33 When you choose an accessory, it is not randomly picked. You always choose the best accessory or accessories for the context you are in. All of the six parts are connected to each other and sometimes even overlapped. The accessory has the best power when all the properties are represented. These six proporties can be devided into two groups: interaction and contrast. The interaction-group includes: function, position, and connection. All of these three proporties are in contact with the base. They work together. On the other hand, the contrast-group: material, size and shape, emphasize visual qualities of both the accessory and its base. Six different properties The concept of the accessory has been the strongest throughout this project, but one more concept has played an important role for the final design. The first time I visited the bakery, I noticed that the building’s closed exterior hides something exciting going on the inside. I got an image in my head of letting the activity inside flow out of the building and attract people on the outisde, while keeping the production inside privat and intact. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 34 Reference projects Other accessories All extensions are not accessories. In this chapter I will describe three additions that I think fits into the concept of an accessory and a fourth which do not. The first one is the italian architect Rocco Valentini’s renovation of a late 19th century masonry home and mill in Chieti, Italy. The two existing structures serves different purposes. One used for agricultural processing, while the other serves as the owner’s villa. The two structures are separated on the property but working closely together (DesignBoom. com, 2016). By adding this new contemporary entry foyer the building has gain an accessory. According to the accessory’s different proporties, the size, position, shape, function, connection and material, this structure is something added to something else to make it more useful, attractiv and effective. The property function in this case is for example that it is both an entrance and a vertical circulation core. The addition’s shape is contrasting but have the same proportions. A late 19th century masonry home and mill in Chieti, Italy. Photo: Rocco Valentini A new contemporary entry foyer. Photo: Rocco Valentini Fig 9 Fig 10 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 35 On Eklandagatan in Gothenburg is an apartment house from probably late 1930. The extra added insulation and the large facade elements makes the expression of the building swollen and heavy. A small restaurant is facing the street. The restaurant recently got a small but clearly visable entrance, like an accessory. Its shape is like an extension to the thick wall, but this is even thicker. The meeting between the accessory and the thick facade creates the current facade not as thick. This is an extra part that improves the expression of its base. The accessory owns the attention and let the building be a neutral base to act against. The accessory’s dark wooden facade, with a small- scale texture, perceives exclusive and is a clear contrast againt the green large facade elements. This addition’s purpose is to attracts and invite people on the street and it does it very well. A new entrance. Photo: Stina Lööf Eklandagatan in Gothenburg. Photo: Stina Lööf In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 36 In year 2007, EDGE Design Institute in Hong Kong converted an ordinary public stairway into a striking, social and engaging public place called The Cascade Project. By adding an accessory to the staircase the face of an empty urban space has change into a more attractive, social and active area. As an asymmetric sculpture the structure offers individual and adjoining seats surrounded by Bauhinia trees and assorted plants. In the evening, a strategic lighting system creates an inviting atmosphere and turns the previously undervalued concrete structure into a secure and sociable environment (inhabitat.com). “The Cascade” by Edge Design Institute, in Central Hong Kong. Photo from BSA Space, taken by Scott Burnham A lighting system creates an inviting atmosphere. Photo from EDGE Design Institute LTD Fig 11 Fig 12 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 37 Gothenburg Concert Hall has an extension along the backside of the building. It is designed by Mats Karlsson and Ulla Antonsson from White Architects and was completed in year 1999. Inside is room for administration and rehearsal. The extension is an independent structure and the connection to the original building is a high and narrow glazed foyer (white.se). Gothenburg City Hall’s extension is from 1936, designed by Gunnar Asplund. The addition is one of Asplund’s most famous (gajdarkitekter.se). Both the exterior and interior are thouroughly designed. According to many people around the world the addition is a work of art, where the light material and interior create a whole. These two extensions are not accessories to me. They have good connections to their bases and they have materials and details that are exclusive, but they are quite big compared to their bases and their mainly purpose is not to attract or invite people, or strengthen the original buildings in the public space. They are more or less reinterpreted extensions of their bases. The addition to Gothenburg’s concert hall. Photo: Arne Person, Panoramio Gothenburg’s city hall has a very famous addition. Photo: Krister Engström Fig 13 Fig 14 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro THE BAKERY 39 The base for the accessory History First floor, offices to the left and staff areas to the right. Original drawings by Malmfeldt & Wollter. The ground floor is for production. Original drawings by Malmfeldt & Wollter. Erik Jerkstrand, Rune Jerkstrand’s father started the company 1930. The bakery’s first location was at Persgatan in Lunden district, in Gothenburg. When bigger facilities was needed in the beginning of the 60’s, Erik decided to build a new bakery in the slaughterhouse area and it was finished in 1963. The architects were Malmfeldt & Wollter. This is original drawings from 1961. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 40 The original facades from 1961. Original drawings by Malmfeldt & Wollter. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 41 Changes over time 1977 the loading dock was covered (architect unknown). 1971 a freezer. 1973 a 10 meter high silo for flour. 1985, a bigger storage, a warm storage and two more freezers. 1984 a storage. 1977 they extend and covered the loading dock. The facade of the big addition in 1985 (Terminal och industrianläggningar i Göteborg). The building has received several extensions over the years. A new freezer in north-west and two storage in north-west an south-west. The loading dock in south-east has expanded and been coverd by a tin roof and ten new ports. All the extensions are in red brick as the original facades, except the freezer from 1971 which has green metal sheet. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 42 South-east fasade. The building has a typical industrial character from the 60’s, with dominating brick walls and a less amount of windows. The expression is closed and privat. Its frontage is partly hidden by a covered loading dock and fences creates dead ends. Entrance to the office. The covered loading dock. Current state In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 43 North-east fasade South-west fasade South-west facade Flour silo Deliveries In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 44 Dominating brick facades. Window sash in wood. Exterior details and qualities One addition has a facade in metal sheets. There are many components that create the building’s expression. Here are some of them I will have in mind while designing the addition. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 45 The roof has no eaves. Only the 10 meter high flour silo on the back side of the building is a contrasting shape. Old loading gate with a port on rails. Straight lines where the buildings foundation and facades meet the ground. The office has many windows towards the south on the first floor. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 46 Interior functions and movements The ground floor is mainly for production and storage. All deliveries have the same entrance and in the end of the production chain all products leaves the building through the same gates. Deliveries in Storage Storage Freezer Flour silo Storage for baking trays Staff entrance Boiler room Confectionery Bakery Fridge Cold buffet FreezerStorage Warm storage Freezer Products ready to be delivered Loading area Fridge Staff entrance to the office 0 5 10 20 meter In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 47 Interior functions and movements At the first floor you find the company’s main office and the staff ’s dining room and dressing room. There is a visual contact from the office on the first floor to the production on the ground floor. Office Dining room Dressing room Technique Technique Technique Technique 0 5 10 20 meter In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 48 Interior details and qualities The interior has many significant features. Here I have documented those I will have in mind while designing the addition. The square pattern is represented in many levels. Brick meets stone, wood and glass. Yellow brick walls are dominating in the stairwell. Workingbench in wood. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 49 Transparency between activities. Steel meets tile, stone and wood. Green marble floor in the production area. Natural light is coming in from above. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro ANALYSIS 51 The site Exterior functions and movements Big loading area fence fence slip road E45 parking Fences creates dead ends.Deliveries In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 1 52 2 Today you can reach the building from three directions. I have created a fourth (no 2) by taking away the fence in the south. The new path is close to the new square. Number 1 and 2 are both connected to one of the main streets, in the area. Number 3 and 4 comes from the areas where this project has decided to build offices and residential areas. How to reach the building A new path. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 53 3 4 3 1 2 4 New square In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 54 Sun study January April 7.00 7.00 12.00 12.00 17.00 17.00 July 7.00 12.00 17.00 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 55 Morning sun Da y s un Afternoon sun The best sun conditions is on the north-east and south-east facades. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 56 Parking Loading Sunny spot The addition Position study To find the right position for the addition I studied different locations. I started to remove the covered loading dock to reveal the original frontage. The size of the addition is approximately 100 m2 in model. Starting point. Raise above, good sun conditions. Along the street, visable from two directions but intruding the street. 1 2 3 4 Climbing structure, good sun conditions, clearly visable from the main steet. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 57 Full extension, visable from three directions but covers the whole facade. Roof top, good sun conditions. Connected to the activity on the inside through the old loading gates. 5 6 7 8 Around corner, clearly visable from the main street, but covers too much of the original facade. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 58 - It is the building’s frontage. - Long solar time. - With no fence, close from three directions. - By uncover the south-east facade the original gates for goods will create a visable connection to the bakery. - Also the office entrance will be exposed. new loading gate The right place for an addition new path In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 59 The right place for the addition. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 60 Morphological study Playing fingers Playing with sun light Behind and visible at the same time. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 61 Spatialities Directions Towards the sun Broken lines In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 62 Morphological study The pipe The funnel The triangle In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 63 The accordion The drawers In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro PROPOSAL The accessory The addition is secondary to the bakery. Its overall ability and capacity is to be a contrast. The industrial building and the addition individually carries significant qualities and values, but the synergy that occurs is what I wanted to reach. The addition’s purpose is not to take over, just to own the attention for a while and let the bakery be a neutral part to act against. Its mainly purpose is to strengthen and improve the bakery in the new public context. It will attract and invite people, support and highlight good qualities of the industrial building and of the production on the inside. 65 66 The addition is a welcoming eyecatcher, with a visual connection to the production inside. Both the groundcover and the wooden structures on the bakery’s facades (a repetiotion of the additions sun shading) are there to visually reach the attention further out into the street. The accessory’s six different properties are all represented in the final result (more about how the accessory’s proporties are represented in the addition on page 83). Even details and qualities I found while documented the bakey has inspired me. - By letting the stone floor inside the bakery continue out through the old loading gates, the cafe and then become the ground surface on the outside, I visualize how the activity flows out of the building. - Natural light is coming in from above through the light gap between the bakery and the cafe. This will minimize unnecessary attachments to the original structure and serve as a sharp boundary between new and old. - New materials are stone, wood, tiles and glass. - There are straight lines where the building’s foundation and facades meets the ground. - The roof has no eaves. - The square pattern is represented on many levels, both inside and outside. - The light box on the roof of the building is a contrasting shape to the bakery. - The entrance boxes, the sales counter and the window sashes are in wood. Changes that has been done: - The coverd loading dock is removed. - On the south-east facade a window has become the new loading gate. - A kitchen for warm dishes and a scullery are placed in an empty and unused corner inside the bakery. - In this corner a door has been moved. Now you reach the freezer from the storage instead. The new addition for Jerkstrand’s bakery In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 67 Top view 1:1000 0 10 20 5030 40 100 meter Site plan Square New path Main str ee t Loading area Ne w o ffic e bu ild ing Ne w r esi de nti al bu ild ing Gamlestadstorget Slakthusgatan New residential building New officebuilding E45 Wa lck es ga tan ha s b ee n e xte nd ed Jerkstrand’s bakery 68 1:1000 0 10 20 5030 40 100 meter The shape 1. Started from the four old loading gates 2. Pulled them out 3. Fripped around two of them One big outdoor space Two smaller outdoor spaces 4. Changed the length and scale 5. Cut them off and let the activity flows out 6. Connected all parts with glass facades and a roof Two entrances in two directions and in the middle the sales counter which continues as a glimmering box on the roof 69 In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 70 0 5 10 30 meter 20 1:300 A A B B Deliveries in StorageStorage Freezer Flour silo Storage for baking trays Staff entrance Boiler room Confectionery Bakery Cold buffet Freezer Storage Warm storage Freezer Products ready to be delivered New loading dock Fridge Staff entrance to the office Floor plan Bakery: 1000 m2 Addition: 100 m2 60 seats inside 60 seats outside New loading gate In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 1:100 A A B B 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter Zoomed in floor plan 71 Products ready to be delivered Kitchen for warm dishes and scullery Br ea d Br ea d Sa les co un ter Ol d l oa din g d oc k WC Outdoor serving area Outdoor serving area New loading gate Permanent seat Pastries Pastries Pa str ies Openable gate Gate rail TH E B AK ER Y Sun shading In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 721:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter Section B-B Connection to the production Light box Office entrance Bread Pastries Bread 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter Permanent seat Permanent seat The ports can regulate the contact to the production In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 731:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter Section A-A Light gap Sun shading Pastries Products ready to be delivered Bread In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 74 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter Materials - The facades are glossy, perforated metal sheets which have a distance to the construction and are lit from both sides. - The entrance boxes and the sales counter are dressed in wooden panel. - The interior walls have different protruding tiles. - The floor inside the addition and the ground outside have porcelain tiles. 300x300mm inside and 600x600mm outside. - Some of the tiles are replaced by lamps and some of the lamps are poping up out of the ground and can be used as permanent seats. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 75 South-east facade 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter 76 North-east facade 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter 77 South-west facade 1:100 0 1 2 53 4 10 meter 78 Fresh air Fresh air Sla te air Rainwater Koljern block Glass in wooden frame Wooden structure for sun shading Glossy, perforated metal sheet Steel beam Light gap Wooden construction covered with wooden panels Technical solutions In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 79 KOLJERN are building blocks which combine both insulation and load-bearing capacity. They are normally produced in a width of 2.4 meter and can span up til 9 meter. An element consists of more than 60% recycled glass. Roof element Ground and walls Fig 15 Fig 16 Koljern building block In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 80 Exterior perspective 81 Interior perspective 82 The addition as an accessory All of the accessory’s six proporties are represented in the addition. To the wright, I describe how I converted them into architectural design. Contrasting Interacting connection The connection between the accessory and its base may be style, detail, material, function or color. shapeThe accessory’s shape is contrasting to the base but can has similar proportions. po siti on The position of the accessory is clearly visible and in balance with the base’s size and shape. It may not cover significant details of the base. m ate rial The accessory’s material is or seems to be more exclusive than the base’s. size The accessory is smaller than the base. fun ction If the accessory has one function or more it will be used more frequently. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro Contrasting Interacting 83 The addition is smallar than the building. The function of the addition is a café and a shop. Which means that the addition is more than an eye-catcher. Even when the cafe is closed people can use the permanent seats on the outside. The new addition will also shine and be a pleasant element for the whole area. The addition’s shape is contrasting because of its lighter expression and the light box on the roof. It has similar proportions in height and size but in a more human scale. The position of the addition is clearly visible when passing the bakery and it is in balance with both the building’s size and shape. It does not cover significant details of the bakery, for example the windows on the first floor. The connection between the addition and the building is the square pattern which comes froms the base’s windows, interior walls and floors. Details like smooth eaves, straight lines and the function of selling what produces inside are also parts of the property connection. The addition’s material seems more exclusive than the base’s, because of the big windows and the shiny metal sheets. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro OUTRO 85 Conclusion Did I manage to find an answer to my reseach question, how to gently adapt an introvert industrial building for a new public context? Yes I think I did, by applying the concept of an accessory, I think the result became a gentle adaptation. The bakery’s appearance as an industrial building from the 1960’s is retained and an extrovert and welcoming cafe and shop is added. As an accessory, the addition will seek the attention, attract and invite people to come there. In a future, public context the addition will support and improve the bakery and the introvert building will have an instrument that can enhance its image and make people become curious also in this original structure. Only a few but cautious changes have been done inside the bakery. By removing the covered loading dock, the original frontage is now visible and in front of the former loading gates the new addition creates a connection in to the bakery and the production. In the meeting between new and old, the base’s and the accessory’s individual qualities and values are more distinguish. Also the contrasting properties of the accessory: the shape, the size and the materials clarifies their characteristics. To use a strong concept as a method of work, has limited the amount of solutions, but the qualifications of an accessory has on the other hand clarified what is possible if the base should be intact. When develop a central point like the slaughterhouse area and make use of what already exist, the city of Gothenburg will have less needs of new investments, save ecological and social resources and promote a diversity of different architecture and functions. This will attract different types of people and they will be reminded of old building techniques, materials and architectural styles. When the starting point is the base and the concept is not tied to a specific material or shape, this concept as a working method can be applied on other projects as well. By accessorizing a building, a gentle way of adaptation can be attained. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 86 Reflections Now, the end is near of this final task, the master’s thesis. I am exhausted and happy at the same time. It has been both a pleasant and a stressful journey. In this last part I will reflect upon my process, what I could have done differently and what I am most proud of. I will also write some reflections about my concept, the accessory and the final result, the new addition of Jerkstrand’s bakery. The most challenging I will begin with what has been most challenging for me during this project. These last two years of master’s studies have all been based on group work. Being alone in this process has with no doubt been the biggest defiance for me. Not having someone to talk to and discuss ideas with, has many times made me worried and stressed out. Worried that my ideas are not thought through enough and stressed about finishing all the parts that has to be done before hand in. Maybe I should have limited my work more than I did to be able to handle the stress better? I was also very insecure about the writing, the english language and some of the computer programs we are using to present our projects. But even if the challenges have been many, they have not hindered me to reach my goals. To help myself and enable a successful process, I started to make a dummy for the project’s booklet. It was both a good idea and a bad one. When I started my thesis work, the ambition was to let the first half of the period be dedicated for studies and analyzes. The other half was planned for being the design part. But, the first half appeared to be more about structuring my work and booklet, than exploring a valid background for my thesis. This because of my fear of not having the control of the theoretical parts. I invested much more time in this part, than I had planned for, so in the end the design part only became approximately 30 percent of the whole period. This means that the outcome could have reached much more further. Text and content of the In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 87 booklet has been changed many times. I could have saved much time though, if I had dared to believe that structure and choice of content could have been developed during my process. But, due to my early completed layout of the booklet, it was quite easy to assemble all the different parts in the end. Despite this struggling of structuring my work, I am very proud of the final result. I think I managed to create an interesting project and the process stimulated me to discover new skills and confidence. The most interesting While structuring my booklet, I started to investigate the slaughterhouse area and the bakery. From the previous course, I already had a lot of information about the area, but no information regarding the bakery. In the beginning of my work I visited the site many times, I talked to Rune Jerkstrand, the owner of the bakery, ate many buns and took a lot pictures. The possibility to visit the site and the bakery often has facilitate my work. Thanks to Rune, I have had the opportunity to take part in both the building and the production inside. I am very grateful to his commitment and that he has been a link to reality, when I wanted to explore what could be done with this industrial building and its function to fit into a public context. The most interesting part through out the process has been my concept, the accessory. Quite early I found out about the concept idea and thanks to Peter (my tutor), I chose to let this be the primary basis for my project. This concept has guided me and my design process to reach the final result. The qualifications of an accessory have helped me clarified what is possible to do if striving for a gentle adaptation. If there would have been more time, I wish I could have taken it further and go deeper into its properties and qualities and try to link them even better to the addition. It would also have been intriguing to investigate even more about the shape of the addition, details and different types of In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 88 materials. I know that this concept has limited the amount of solutions. For example the size and the position could have been different in many ways, but then important qualities of the bakery should have been changes. I did not want to cover any existing windows or modify the interior too much. Neither make the addition too big or too dominant. When I have been searching for other accessories I have noticed that these, in most cases, are new entrances to old buildings. When I think about it, that is also what I have tried to create. I would describe my addition to the bakery as some kind of a social opening for Jerkstrand’s and the production on the inside. In a future public context there is many of the existing industrial buildings in the site that are in need of an “social opening”. When transforming industrial areas, the need of new entrances could be a recurrent part. If so, this means that my concept, the accessory, can be applied on any of them, if gentle adaptation is in focus. One of the accessory’s properties is function. I want the addition to be more than just a cafe and shop, I also want the area around it, to be useful even when it is closed. If I would continue this work I would like to work with the area around the whole bakery. Even if my goal has been to preserve as much as possible of the original industrial character, the closest surroundings can be developed. These areas can be more attractive for citizens with more greenery and place to seat. I think the addition has several positive and fine qualities. It lights up the place and the low height gives the building a human scale. It has a clear and close connection to production inside. By preserving the old loading dock as a serving area and keeping the old loading gates (which can be both open and closed), the bakery has the possibility to control how much contact the guests will have with the production. The reason why people come there is to enjoy the bakery’s products and therefore the sales counter is centered to showcase the pastries. The addition In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 89 The addition has two entrances in opposite directions. This is not only for people who take the new path to reach the bakery. I have prepared the street, passing the addition, to be expand and continue south. Great support Due to my short days in school, six hours (I have pre- school times to suit), I think I got very far, and used the time well. The fact is that the best ideas comes when I am on the tram. I have had great support from Ulrika Lindahl and Frida Olsson, whom I have shared office with. I would not have reached the same result without their positive support and feedback. The tutorial sessions with Peter has also been very rewarding. He has been a great support in the set-up of my booklet and my presentations. He has seen my strengths and pushed me to do it ”my way”. Gothenburg may has written down great visions about how to prepare for a growing city. I hope they will do as they say in the Development Strategies 2035 -make use of what already exists. Still no one knows what the new slaughterhouse area will look like in the future, but I hope it is with a gentle hand the city puts the shovel in the ground. Where economic growth promote social and ecological sustainability, a healthy and prosperous city will be found. In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 90 References Litterature: Stadbyggnadskontoret, Göteborg (2014) Development strategies 2035 Planning and Building Authority, Gothenburg Lindahl, Ulrika, Olsson, Frida, Lööf, Stina (2016) Common kitchen, come on! Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Göteborg Smith, Albert C., Schank Smith Kendra (2015) Developing Your Design Process, Six key concept for studio Routledge, New York Interviews: Rune Jerkstand, the owner of Jerkstrands Bageri AB Web-pages: goteborg.se (http://tinyurl.com/jeldpcv) designboom.com (http://tinyurl.com/hlgshco) inhabitat.com (http://tinyurl.com/kn696tt) white.se (http://www.white.se/projects/goteborgs-konserthus/) gajdarkitekter.se (http://www.gajdarkitekter.se/se/projekt/verksamheter/ raadhuset.aspx) In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro 91 Images: Unnumbered maps, illustrations and photos are made and taken by Stina Lööf. Old drawings come from the archives of Gothenburg’s city planning office. Figure 1: Future picture of Gamlestaden (illustration) goteborg.se, http://tinyurl.com/jeldpcv (2016-12-10) Figure 2: The new travel center at Gamlestadstorget (illustration) goteborg.se, http://tinyurl.com/jk45t3n (2016-12-10) Figure 3: The new commercial center SKF (illustration) goteborg.se, http://tinyurl.com/gtsy9rp (2016-12-10) Figure 4: The transformed calf slaughterhouse (illustration) Lindahl, Ulrika, Olsson, Frida, Lööf, Stina (2016) Common kitchen, come on! Figure 5: New office building, by the real estate owner Klövern (illustration) http://www.klovern.se/sv/lediga-lokaler/goteborg/ slakthuset-slakthusgatan-8/ (2016-12-01) Figure 6: Jerkstrand has 20 employees working in their main bakery. Photo from jerkstrand.se Figure 7: Jerkstrand have nine cafes around the city. Photo from jerkstrand.se Figure 8: Pastries from Jerkstrand’s bakery. Photo from frolundatorg.se/butik/jerkstrands/ Figure 9: A late 19th century masonry home and mill in Chieti, Italy. Photo: Rocco Valentini, designboom.com (http://tinyurl. com/hlgshco) Figure 10: A new contemporary entry foyer. Photo: Rocco Valentini, designboom.com (http://tinyurl.com/ hlgshco) Figure 11: “The Cascade” by Edge Design Institute, in Central Hong Kong. Photo from BSA Space, taken by Scott Burnham, inhabitat.com (http://tinyurl.com/kn696tt) Figure 12: A lighting system creates an inviting atmosphere. Photo from EDGE Design Institute LTD (http://www.edgede- sign.com.hk/2006-the-cascade-1) Figure 13: The addition to Gothenburg’s concert hall. Photo: Arne Person, Panoramio (http://www.panoramio.com/ photo/5927879) Figure 14: Gothenburg’s city hall has a very famous addition. Photo :Krister Engström (http://www.gajdarkitekter.se/se/pro- jekt/verksamheter/raadhuset.aspx) Figure 15: Building block, koljern.se, (http://www.koljern.se/se/koljern/) Figure 16: Roof element & Ground and walls, koljern.se (http://tinyurl.com/hpq88ul) In tro ba ck gr ou nd co nc ep t pr op os al an aly sis th e b ak er y ou tro