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Anticipating Adoption: Developing a National Digital Health Registry in a Centralized Healthcare System Design, Adoption, and Governance in the Early-Phase Development of a National Cleft Lip and Palate Registry in Rwanda
(2026) Andersson, Viktoria; Moberg, Elvira
Across low- and middle-income countries, digital health registries are increasingly introduced to strengthen health information systems and support coordinated care, yet their early-phase development remains understudied, particularly in centralized healthcare contexts. This study examines how a national digital health registry is developed and established during its early phase, using the design and prototyping of a cleft lip and palate registry in Rwanda as an empirical case. Data was collected through a qualitative single case study combining semi-structured and exploratory interviews with iterative prototype feedback sessions involving clinicians, registry developers, NGO actors, and policymakers. The findings show that some adoption barriers, including documentation workload and infrastructure constraints, can be identified and addressed through design choices before deployment, a process the study describes through the concept of anticipatory adoption, while others, such as double entry, can be anticipated during this phase but not resolved through design alone. The design process also revealed trade-offs between dataset scope and data quality, standardization and local fit, and top-down implementation versus bottomup clinical involvement. For long-term sustainability, early institutional anchoring within national structures is identified as essential, as formal recognition at the national level shifts registry use from voluntary to required. Sustained use however depends on continuous engagement through training, feedback and incentives, and explicit planning for long-term ownership must be addressed during development rather than treated as a post-project concern. Together, the findings suggest that the early-phase development of sustainable digital health registries in centralized contexts requires three complementary conditions: bottom-up clinical involvement in design, top-down institutional anchoring in implementation, and continuous engagement work at all levels.
Effects of body characteristics on lap belt fit and comfort
(2026) Johansson, William; Ström, Stina
Proper seat belt fit is crucial for occupant safety and comfort, as incorrect positioning may reduce injury protection and increase discomfort, potentially leading to misuse. This study investigates how individual body characteristics influence lap belt fit and perceived comfort, with particular focus on anthropometry and seating posture, determined by the seatback recline angle. A controlled laboratory study was conducted using a test rig representing a vehicle seating environment. Thirty adult participants, balanced by sex and distributed across Body Mass Index (BMI) categories, were evaluated in two seatback configurations (upright and semi-reclined). Three lap belt anchorage conditions were assessed: a manufacturer-defined position (P1), a forward-shifted position (P2), and a user-selected position. Objective measurements (anthropometry, belt geometry relative to the anterior superior iliac spine, and buckle position) and subjective assessments (perceived comfort, perceived safety, and usability) was used. Statistical analyses were used to identify relationships between body characteristics and belt fit. The results show that seatback recline angle has the strongest influence on lap belt fit, followed by BMI and anthropometric measures. Higher BMI is consistently associated with a more superior lap belt position relative to the pelvis, reflected as an upward displacement of both belt segments. However, the belt position relative to the pelvis in the anterior–posterior direction is strongly affected by seating posture, with reduced anthropometric predictability in the semi-reclined condition. P2 generally reduced perceived abdominal pressure and improved usability, particularly in terms of buckle accessibility and ease of buckling, but introduced tradeoffs such as increased perceived thigh loading and shoulder belt interference. Despite these improvements in local comfort, P2 was perceived as less safe than P1, however, perceived safety does not necessarily reflect actual restraint performance. User-selected positions minimized discomfort in most cases but were typically located outside regulatory acceptance regions, indicating a mismatch between user preference and standards. The findings highlight the combined influence of anthropometry, seatback recline angle, and restraint geometry on lap belt fit, showing that no single factor explains occupant variability. This study contributes empirical evidence supporting the need to consider occupant diversity and seatback recline angle in future restraint system design, particularly in the development of more adaptive anchorage positions.
Time Series Analysis for Sleep Apnea Detection Using Machine Learning
(2026) Abdulla, Bavell; Ekstener, Lucas; Hedengran, Jacob; Jakobsson, Rasmus; Lindström, Joakim; Ulin, Isak
This thesis investigates the applicability of various machine learning models on sleep apnea diagnosis using blood oxygen saturation measured with SpO2. Specifically, it examines the machine learning models k-NN, SVM, random forest and fully connected neural networks. The main focus is to determine whether this approach is a realistic and reliable diagnostic tool for sleep apnea detection. Additionally, the thesis aims to identify which machine learning model is best suited for this task. To evaluate this, the classification metrics precision, recall and F1-macro will be used. The utilized dataset contained 994 subjects, from which nine features were extracted after preprocessing. By evaluating the classification metrics of the developed models, the general conclusion is that fully connected neural networks are the most suitable for diagnosing sleep apnea, while k-NN models are the least suitable. In order to establish a proof of concept, a wearable device capable of measuring the oxygen saturation called EmotiBit was utilized to simulate the diagnosis.
From Established to Emerging: Reconfiguring the Operating Model for an Electric Freight Firm’s Expansion into the UAE
(2026) Ernberg, Adam; Wehbi, Marcus
The road freight transition towards electrified and autonomous operations is increasingly being driven from emerging markets, where state-led infrastructure investment and aggressive decarbonisation targets create conditions for rapid deployment. For firms translating a mature home market operating model into such environments, existing internationalisation frameworks identify structural differences between markets at the firm and country level, but say little about how those differences should be addressed at the level of specific mechanisms. This thesis develops a structured procedure through which the operating-model reconfigurations required when a firm expands from an established home market into a foreign emerging market can be identified systematically rather than only observed retrospectively. It applies this procedure to a freight technology firm undergoing such an expansion, in order to examine how the operating model is reconfigured. The empirical setting is the case company’s UAE deployment, contrasted against its European baseline. The European configuration was developed through nine semi structured interviews with operations staff and a pre interview priority survey, while the UAE configuration was developed through a workshop with the local Operations Lead, supplemented by PESTEL based secondary research. Both were structured cell by cell through the Slack and Lewis (2020) operations strategy matrix. The assessment produced five distinct types of reconfiguration: structural redesign, mixed adaptation, temporal convergence, market-driven intensification and transfer amplification. The central finding is that operating model translation is not a binary choice between standardisation and adaptation, but a layered process in which different elements undergo different kinds of reconfiguration depending on host market conditions, operational maturity, and organisational embedding. The procedure developed to surface these patterns is designed to be replicable across home and host market pairs and across sectors, and serves as an analytical bridge between operations strategy theory and the internationalisation literature by combining the Slack and Lewis matrix with PESTEL-based market analysis in a structured way.
Aerodynamic Study of Multiple Wingsails with Co-Flow Jet Active Flow Control
(2026) Engström, Petter
Wingsails can be used as a means of reducing fuel consumption for maritime vessels. To improve on their performance there are different methods available, one of which is flow control. This thesis investigates how the co-flow jet (CFJ) active flow control (AFC) technology can improve the aerodynamic performance of a wingsail based on a NACA 0015 airfoil. The objective is to enhance thrust with minimal energy expenditure, thereby improving the net power savings of the wingsail. The study was performed using two-dimensional CFD simulations with the Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations and the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The baseline airfoil was modified to accommodate the CFJ requirements, which include injection and suction slots. A parametric study was performed on the resulting airfoil to establish an appropriate jet momentum coefficient (Cµ), together with the size and location of the slots. To make a direct comparison between a single CFJ and a baseline wingsail, a one-sail configuration was studied. Results demonstrate a substantial increase in thrust and net power savings for the CFJ wingsail. To study flow interactions between multiple wingsails, a three-sail configuration was studied, mimicking a vessel equipped with three wingsails. The study reveals that the wingsails are greatly affected by the apparent wind angle, with substantial flow interactions between the sails. In all tested conditions, the results demonstrate a significant improvement in propulsive performance. The findings also highlight the importance of a Cµ distribution strategy, together with individual adjustment of the angle of attack (AoA) of each wingsail. Overall, the CFJ technology applied to a wingsail is highly effective in preventing flow separation and improving performance over a wide range of operating conditions.