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Senast inlagda
Method Development of Multi-Layered Optical Skin Phantoms
(2025) Louise, Eckerström
The increasing research interest in and use of optical medical technologies has led to
a growing need for synthetic testing materials with tissue-mimicking optical properties,
known as optical phantoms. Many different materials and methods have
been used to create such phantoms but the field currently lacks standardization and
repeated results. Optical phantoms made for dark skin tones and for short wavelengths
of light are also missing from research.
This project tests and builds on previously established methods for creating optical
phantoms made out of PDMS silicone. A method for creating a multi-layered skin
phantom in which each layer mimics the thickness and absorption of one of the main
layers of human skin is developed and presented. Four versions of this phantom are
made: two of them mimic the absorption of fair skin and two of them the absorption
of dark skin. For each skin colour, one of the phantoms mimic the absorption at a
wavelength of 405 nm and the other the absorption at 630 nm.
A correlation between the concentration of nigrosin (an absorbing agent) and the
absorption coefficient of the resulting phantoms is determined using spectrometry.
This correlation can work as a guide for how to reach a desired absorption coefficient.
Undersökning av hydroxylapatits inverkan på magnesiumytor i kroppens miljö genom atomskaliga beräkningar
(2025) Forster, Ablai; Hansson, Tim; Jernstedt, Alexandra; Salminen, Emmy; Veit Berg, Anthony
Magnesium visar stor potential att användas som ett material i nedbrytbara implantat
för benstabilisering. Då magnesium lätt korroderar är det aktuellt att öka korrosionsmotståndet
genom legering eller ytbehandling. I detta arbete används density
functional theory (DFT) för att undersöka om ytbehandlingen hydroxylapatit (HAp)
binder till en Mg(0001)-yta, både med och utan legering, och om det påverkar korrosionsmotståndet.
I vakuum binder HAp till magnesiumytan, och bindningen förstärks
ytterligare vid zinkdopning samt när det översta lagret består av magnesiumhydroxid.
Trovärdiga resultat i en simulerad vattenmiljö erhölls ej, men indikerar att vattenmiljön
minskar bindningsstyrkan mellan HAp och magnesiumytan. I vakuum ökade
bindningsstyrkan mellan HAp och Mg(0001)-ytan i närvaron av en Na+-jon, medan
närvaron av en Cl– -jon minskade den. När Na+ och Cl– var närvarande i lika mängder
band HAp starkare till ytan än utan joner närvarande. Bindningsstyrkan mellan
flera lager av HAp och Mg(0001)-ytan visar att för många lager av HAp är mindre
gynnsamt energimässigt och att två lager av HAp verkar vara en optimal gräns.
Sammanfattningsvis är nästa steg att undersöka bindningsenergier i ett system som
använder vattenmolekyler istället för ett potentialfält och ifall flera lager av HAp följer
samma trend med ett utökat antal lager HAp.
DEVELOPMENT OF HIKING FOOTWEAR FOR WOMEN
(2025) Rönnäng, Clara
This thesis was conducted in collaboration with the Italian brand Dolomite and focuses on the development of a hiking shoe specifically tailored for young Scandinavian women. The project adopts a user-centered design approach, with both functional and aesthetic needs at its core. The objective was to create user requirements and a concept for a hiking boot designed to appeal to the female target group. The project began with extensive research, including interviews, surveys and observational studies with women from the intended user group. Insights gained from this research were used to develop a representative persona, which served as the foundation for idea generation and concept development. A series of concept proposals were formulated based on the collected data and systematically evaluated using a Pugh matrix. User interviews and group discussions provided additional qualitative insights into preferences regarding fit, lightness and visual style.
The final concept is a hiking shoe that combines functionality, comfort and Scandinavian minimalism. Its design is carefully adapted to the anatomical needs of the target group and their aesthetic preferences, strengthening Dolomite’s product portfolio towards a growing market segment.
Precision Manufacturing of Radio Frequency Microwave Filter Structures Using Additive Manufacturing Technologies
(2025) Pattanaik, Nishant; Srinivas, Prajwal
There is a growing demand for high-speed communication, to enable this high frequency
transmission links are utilized. These links employ microwave radio frequency
waveguide filters. Conventional manufacturing of the filters face limitations
in producing multi-cavity structures with complex geometries. Additive manufacturing
processes offer design freedom, reduced material wastage and rapid prototyping,
making it an alternative to produce these filters.
This study investigates the feasibility to manufacture the waveguide filters with the
frequencies E-Band (65 - 67 GHz) and D-Band (130 - 135 GHz) using two metal
Additive manufacturing processes, Binder Jetting Technology (BJT) and Powder
Bed Fusion - Laser Beam (PBF-LB). The filters were manufactured using a Markforged
PX100™ BJT printer by Bosch GmbH and an EOS M100 PBF-LB printer
at Chalmers University of Technology. The BJT filters were printed in two phases,
the first was a trial phase to determine the surface roughness measurements that
were done on selected surfaces of the parts to determine a suitable orientation for
the final print. In the second and final phase, a total of 40 filters were printed, 20
for each band. For PBF-LB, 10 parts were printed 5 for each band. All 40 BJT
and 6 PBF-LB filters underwent electrical characterization using a Vector Network
Analyzer. Five BJT filters of each frequency bands that reached near-target passband
frequency and low loss magnitude were selected for surface treatment with
electroless copper plating to improve performance.
Results showed that BJT-manufactured E-Band filters achieved insertion losses
within the target range while maintaining the required passband frequency, whereas
a subset of D-Band BJT filters met the desired specifications. PBF-LB-manufactured
filters resulted in higher losses and dimensional inaccuracies due to deviations in internal
geometry. The loss magnitudes were reduced by copper plating by nearly half
for both E-Band and D-Band filters. Overall, BJT demonstrated greater suitability
to manufacture high-frequency waveguide filters
Future System for High-Pressure Fuel Leakage Detection in Marine Commercial Engines
(2025) Narendrakumar, Aswin Madhav; Sowrirajan, Gowtham Raj
The project explores the development of novel double-walled high-pressure fuel injection
pipes used in marine commercial engines. Current double-walled pipes meet
the safety standard, but they suffer from higher costs and increased manufacturing
complexity.
The project aimed to offer the industry a superior alternative to existing solutions in
certain Volvo Penta engines, with the intent of improving the manufacturability of
the components, reducing costs, and improving tolerances. The project was driven
towards developing a robust leak detection and containment mechanisms to mitigate
hazards such as fuel spray or contamination in the engine room. It also investigates
on potential suppliers for procuring the materials and components for the system.
It also aims to propose recommendations for future systems.
The project was conducted using a stage gate product development process. Initially,
an analysis of existing systems and Volvo Penta marine engines was performed,
followed by a review of the regulations applicable to current engines, as these regulations
played a major role in the concept development. The final design was validated
through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) while cost calculations were performed and
material alternatives were explored.