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Senast publicerade

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    Hur alkalinitet i cement påverkar biofiber över tid
    (2026) Brage, David; Elfving, Emilia; Eliasson, Hanna; Friman, Madeleine; Nikq, Valdrin
    The cement industry contributes significantly to global carbon dioxide emissions and drives the need for sustainable alternatives such as biofiber reinforcement in cement. The highly alkaline environment of cement has the potential to degrade biofibers, which impairs their long term performance. This study investigates the microscopic effects of the alkaline cement environment on biofibers coated with ex foliated graphite over time. Fibers from sugarcane and corrugated paper were coated with exfoliated graphite using two distinct methods. The fibers were exposed to an alkaline solution for 1, 7 and 28 days. The samples were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS and TGA. Results indicate that the exfoliated graphite coating had an impact on the surface interaction between the biofiber and the alkaline solution by affecting the deposition of Calcium (Ca) on the biofiber surface. Additionally the thermal stability of the biofiber differed depending on whether the coating was present after conditioning for 28 days. One of the methods yielded a significantly better coating and higher chemical stability than the other method. Some structu ral degradation may still have occurred depending on the fiber type and application method. The coated biofibers demonstrated better resistance and stability compared to uncoated reference samples. Exfoliated graphite coating provides a potential for protecting biofibers in an alkaline environment like cement. Future research must address long term exposure and process upscaling before industrial implementation.
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    Parallelisation of Virtual ECUs for Vehicle Simulation - Design and Implementation of FMI 3.0 and FMI-LS-BUS Based CAN Communication for Scalable Automotive System Simulation
    (2026) Johansson, Rasmus; Tran Simonsson
    Calibration of complex propulsion systems in commercial vehicles increasingly relies on large-scale Co-Simulation of Virtual Electronic Control Units (vECUs). However, existing simulation pipelines are constrained by non-parallel execution and dependencies on host-configured virtual CAN devices, limiting scalability and portability. This thesis presents a scalable, parallelisable Co-Simulation architecture for vECUs using the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) 3.0 standard and its FMI-LS-BUS extension for network communication. We developed a proof-of-concept system that exports vECU models as FMI 3.0 Co-Simulation FMUs with Low-Cut FMI-LS-BUS support, enabling bus-oriented communication without manual signal-level mapping. The implementation bridges Volvo TTI’s internal vECU CAN driver with the FMI interface, utilising dynamic generation to derive CAN network terminals from vehicle configuration artefacts. The system leverages the SIL Kit middleware by Vector for inter-process communication, replacing OS-dependent virtual devices with platform-independent messaging. Critical contributions include modifications to the SIL Kit FMU Importer to correctly handle serialised sequences of multiple CAN operations within single FMI binary variables. Evaluation results demonstrate that the prototype successfully preserves the logical semantics of CAN communication across multiple parallel processes. Benchmarks with up to 100 concurrent FMU participants show linear scalability in per-process runtime when sufficient processor cores are available, with approximately 25% overhead relative to non-communicating simulations in the same benchmark configuration. The automated network mapping eliminates the need for thousands of manual signal connections as participant count grows. While the prototype operates at the logical frame-exchange level without modelling physical bus timing, the results confirm that FMI-LS-BUS is a viable foundation for scalable automotive system simulation.
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    Utveckling av metoder för att mäta isotopkvoter i kolesterol med FT-ICR-masspektrometri
    (2026) Eide, Ludvig; Sjödell, Nike; Swensson, Elin; Ganestål, Signe; Johansson, Alicia; Hadin Holmgren, Filippa
    Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for reliable methods for early detection. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, particularly within lipid metabolism, can alter the isotopic composition of cholesterol, potentially giving rise to measurable differences between healthy and malignant tissue. Cholesterol isotope ratios therefore represent a promising class of biomarkers for tumor progression, but their accurate determination requires analytical techniques with exceptionally high mass resolution and precision. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a high-resolution method for isotope ratio analysis of cholesterol using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Particular emphasis was placed on achieving efficient and reproducible ionization of this inherently challenging analyte. Method development was carried out in two stages. In the first phase, analytical parameters were optimized using a structured experimental design, where MALDI with an HCCA matrix was evaluated both with and without chemical derivatization. In the second phase, the optimized conditions were applied to isotopically labeled samples to enable quantitative analysis of isotope patterns. Method performance was assessed in terms of signal intensity, fragmentation behavior, reproducibility, and preservation of isotopic information, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of analytical reliability and sensitivity to experimental variation. The results demonstrate that both ionization strategy and experimental parame ters critically influence method performance. Derivatization improved ionization efficiency and increased signal intensity, while optimization through experimental design enhanced reproducibility. However, significant limitations remain, particularly related to variability inherent to the MALDI process and uncertainties in model predictability, which affect both precision and generalizability. Overall, the study shows that FT-ICR-MS holds strong potential for accurate isotope ratio analysis of cholesterol, but that its practical reliability is highly dependent on sample preparation, calibration strategies, and control of experimental variability. Further method refinement and validation are therefore required before application to biological samples and diagnostic contexts can be considered, underscoring both the promise and current limitations of the approach.
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