Interpretation and Implementation of Natura 2000 in Environmental Impact Assessments - A case study of Blå Torget, a small square by the River Säveån

Abstract

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a procedural tool aiming at predicting the environmental impact of a project or a plan, and preparing for mitigation measures. Many actors need to collaborate in this process. In the Swedish context some of them are central administrative authorities, courts, county administrative boards, municipalities, proponents, consultants, NGOs and the general public. Natura 2000 is a network of sites within the European Union, with the purpose to protect valuable biodiversity. Different species and habitats can be subject to this protection policy, which is regulated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive. This thesis aims to gain insight and create a deeper understanding about how the Natura 2000 regulations are interpreted and implemented in EIAs in Sweden, with a focus on the municipality as the commissioner of the EIA. The roles and responsibilities of the different actors in EIA are discussed in relation to the Natura 2000 network. This is done through a study of literature and earlier court cases, interviews with different actors involved in the EIA process and a case study of a small square called Blå Torget in the municipality of Lerum. The study shows that the Natura 2000 network is seen as a strong form of protection, but that there are challenges to the implementation of the protection in practise and that the interpretation of ‘significant impact’ is essential in the reviews. There are different ways to receive guidance and support, and the importance of praxis and precedents is highlighted for cases concerning Natura 2000 sites in Sweden.