The Potential of Flexible Heating for Multi-Family Houses in Sweden
Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master's Thesis
Master's Thesis
Program
Sustainable energy systems (MPSES), MSc
Publicerad
2024
Författare
Kleinschmidt, Per
Söderlind, Ida
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
The residential and services sector accounted for a significant portion (39%) of the
final energy consumption in 2020 in Sweden, with district heating (DH) and elec tricity as the main heating sources. The choice of heating source varies throughout
different types of buildings, and the most common for multi-family houses in Sweden
is DH.
When moving towards an energy system with a larger share of renewables, which
includes irregularity of production, a flexible demand of electricity will be important
to maintain the balance between production and consumption in the power system.
This thesis aims to investigate the potential of flexible heating for multi-family
houses in Sweden. The investigation has been made by a model structured in GAMS
by using mixed-integer linear programming, to optimize the heating pattern and the
installed capacity, with the aim of minimizing the total annual cost (including in vestment, operational, and maintenance costs). The robustness of the model and
results have been assessed by adjusting the input data, such as the district heating
power and energy price, the electricity grid price, and the heat pump (HP) lifetime.
The scope of the thesis was to investigate the potential of flexible heating in dif ferent regions of Sweden. Luleå, Sundsvall, Gothenburg, and Malmö have been
investigated due to their geographical location as they are located in different elec tricity zones.
The study focused on two buildings built in different eras. This comparison aimed
to highlight the differences in results based on the different building characteristics.
The thesis is in collaboration together with Riksbyggen (Swedish housing company),
which provided the data for the buildings involved in the study.
The results indicate that flexible heating in multi-family houses in Sweden is econom ical favorable. A wider accepted indoor temperature range (19°C - 25°C) decreases
the total heating demand, the necessary installed capacity and the total cost up
to 14% compared with a non-flexible indoor temperature range (21°C - 22°C). The
most economical favorable heating technology when implementing flexible heating
is the heat pump, to make use of the thermal inertia and heating pattern in the
most cost-effective way.
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
flexible heating , building , heat pump , district heating , cost , optimization