Utilization of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in recovery of Li-based black mass
Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master's Thesis
Master's Thesis
Program
Sustainable energy systems (MPSES), MSc
Publicerad
2024
Författare
Strömberg, Elin
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
This study was conduced with a characterization of 12 combinations of solvents. These
solvents consisted of the acids citric acid monohydrate, CA, oxalic acid dihydrate, OA,
and malic acid, MA. The acids were mixed with the chloride based salts ammonium chloride,
NCl, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, ACH, choline chloride, ChCl, and tetramethylammonium
chloride, TMA, in the ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The categorizations for the
observed solvents, also called Deep eutectic solvents (DES), were pH and optical viscosity.
After determining the characteristics for each solvent, the solvents with the lowest observed
viscosity and the lowest pH were used for the leaching of black mass, with the
goals of having low water consumption and high leaching yield of Ni, Co and Mn. The
lithium based black mass had the cathodic structure NMC 111 or NMC 622. The five
solvents used for leaching were OA-ChCl, OA-TMA, OA-ACH, CA-ChCl and MA-ChCl
with the following experimental properties: leaching duration of 2h, 90°C, ratio 2:1, solid
to liquid ratio, S/L, 20 g/l and the black mass NMC111. Thereafter, a parameter optimization
was performed by changing the leaching temperature between 60, 90, 120 and
150°C as well as the ratios between 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The other experimental properties
were 2h duration, 90°C, S/L 50g/l and the black mass NMC622. Further, a kinetic study
was performed where the leaching duration changed between 1/3, 2/3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 18 and
24h, and the best parameters from the parameter optimization were used.
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
pH , Optical viscosity , DES , HBA , HBD , LIB , Leaching