Utilization of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in recovery of Li-based black mass

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dc.contributor.authorStrömberg, Elin
dc.contributor.departmentChalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för kemi och kemitekniksv
dc.contributor.departmentChalmers University of Technology / Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineeringen
dc.contributor.examinerLeion, Henrik
dc.contributor.supervisorYilmaz, Duygu
dc.contributor.supervisorPetranikova, Martina
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-07T12:18:59Z
dc.date.available2024-08-07T12:18:59Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.submitted
dc.description.abstractThis study was conduced with a characterization of 12 combinations of solvents. These solvents consisted of the acids citric acid monohydrate, CA, oxalic acid dihydrate, OA, and malic acid, MA. The acids were mixed with the chloride based salts ammonium chloride, NCl, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, ACH, choline chloride, ChCl, and tetramethylammonium chloride, TMA, in the ratios 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The categorizations for the observed solvents, also called Deep eutectic solvents (DES), were pH and optical viscosity. After determining the characteristics for each solvent, the solvents with the lowest observed viscosity and the lowest pH were used for the leaching of black mass, with the goals of having low water consumption and high leaching yield of Ni, Co and Mn. The lithium based black mass had the cathodic structure NMC 111 or NMC 622. The five solvents used for leaching were OA-ChCl, OA-TMA, OA-ACH, CA-ChCl and MA-ChCl with the following experimental properties: leaching duration of 2h, 90°C, ratio 2:1, solid to liquid ratio, S/L, 20 g/l and the black mass NMC111. Thereafter, a parameter optimization was performed by changing the leaching temperature between 60, 90, 120 and 150°C as well as the ratios between 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The other experimental properties were 2h duration, 90°C, S/L 50g/l and the black mass NMC622. Further, a kinetic study was performed where the leaching duration changed between 1/3, 2/3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 18 and 24h, and the best parameters from the parameter optimization were used.
dc.identifier.coursecodeKBTX12
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/308343
dc.language.isoeng
dc.setspec.uppsokPhysicsChemistryMaths
dc.subjectpH
dc.subjectOptical viscosity
dc.subjectDES
dc.subjectHBA
dc.subjectHBD
dc.subjectLIB
dc.subjectLeaching
dc.titleUtilization of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in recovery of Li-based black mass
dc.type.degreeExamensarbete för masterexamensv
dc.type.degreeMaster's Thesisen
dc.type.uppsokH
local.programmeSustainable energy systems (MPSES), MSc
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