Model of a standing bus passenger: Modelling Safety for Non-Impact Collisions
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Typ
Projektarbete, avancerad nivå
Program
Publicerad
2021
Författare
Gurram, Shivaprasad
Gebel, Till Rune
Niranjan Poojary, Yash
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
Public transport has been an efficient and convenient mode of transport for diverse
population, though they are considered safe, but considerable injuries to passengers
occur even due to non-crash related incidents. Evasive maneuvers, sudden accelerations
or braking influence the posture of a standing passengers and result in them
loosing balance. This project aims at developing a model to simulate the motion
of a standing passenger influenced by distinct acceleration profiles and predict the
time of when the passenger’s foot is off the ground. Extreme limits for imbalance
is decided based on the position of the center of mass with respect to the ankle to
find the instance for the event to occur. In order to capture the passenger response
during these incidents a mathematical model is designed based on Single inverted
pendulum (SIP) with a torsion spring at the ankle. The SIP models the motion
of the standing passenger. In the model the torques acting on the ankle are two
different kinds, one due to the center of mass and the other due to the muscle influence.
A feedback controller consisting of a proportional and a predictive part is
designed to control the torque influence due to the muscle actions. The stiffness of
the ankles are calculated based on the combined torques due to the muscles and
the center of mass. The output i.e. the predicted time for imbalance is influenced
by various factors such as the acceleration jerk, amplitude and duration along with
the reaction time of the person. The results obtained can be further used in the
implementation of passenger safety features in the transportation industry as the
model in this project can help in detailed study of the factors affecting the posture
during standing and the prediction of the time for imbalance. Knowledge of the
passenger’s state of balance can be an input signal to activate a safety feature. The
model developed also has a lot of applications in the development of complex Human
Body Models (HBM).
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
Non-crash incidents , Evasive maneuvers , Single Inverted Pendulum , torsion spring , Feedback controller , HBM