Electrification of the Port of Gothenburg: How will it affect the Gothenburg energy system?

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate an electrification of the Port of Gothenburg and how it will impact the energy system of Gothenburg in a carbon neutral future scenario. The vehicles investigated are trucks that transport goods from and to the port, on-site machinery used for logistics inside the port and ships arriving and departing from the port. All of these will be electrified by one of three electrification options, direct electrification with batteries, hydrogen or electrofuel. Together with the literature study about these electrification options and an investigation of how the vehicles operates, each vehicle type could be paired with the most suitable electrification option/options. This data could then be transformed into load profiles that was implemented into an energy system model of the city of Gothenburg. The model is a linear optimisation model used to minimise the cost of the energy system. Because of the great uncertainty in the continued development of electrification, a number of scenarios were constructed to analyse some different paths of possible electrification. The result shows that the largest loads occur during the day and that an electrification of the port will increase the need for local electricity production and import. The import is limited to present-day capacity but will import during more hours of the year. The major part of the locally produced electricity is produced by photovoltaic solar power(PV). Since this thesis investigate the area of Gothenburg, an argument can be made that the invested capacity for PV will occupy an area not feasible for the city of Gothenburg. An upper limit on PV is therefore investigated and results in a significantly more expensive energy system.