Development of A drone based Hydro carbon sensor for gas flux measurements from oil and gas production
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Författare
Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master's Thesis
Master's Thesis
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
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Sammanfattning
Air pollution is considered the single largest environmental health risk worldwide
due to its enormous impact on climate change and human health. It takes an adverse
toll not only on human morbidity and mortality, but also affects the geographical
distribution of many infectious diseases and natural disasters due to the result ing climate change. Corrective actions to reduce air pollution and its impact on the
ecosystem thus require a good understanding of its sources, concentration of the pol lutants and their interaction with the atmosphere. A light weight, Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle (UAV)-borne system has been developed to measure emissions of harmful
trace gases like Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), a wide range of
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10), with
the main application areas being ship emissions and oil refineries. The device is also
equipped with auxiliary sensors to detect wind intensity and direction as well as am bient parameters such as temperature, humidity, altitude, positional co-ordinates;
all in real-time. The data is relayed to the controller location by means of a ra dio transceiver to enable on-site analysis and logging of measured parameters. The
objective of the work was to: a) Characterize effect of EMI on the small sensor
outputs and implement corrective measures for diminishing it, b) Calibrate the sen sors for different gas concentrations in a controlled environment so as to obtain a
linear relationship and determine the cross-sensitivity for SO2 and NO2 at different
concentrations, c) Calibrate the Photo-ionization detector (PID) sensor against a
reference and obtain the concentration curve in terms of sensor sensitivity, and d)
Design an efficient, light-weight system with carefully weighed trade-offs between
sensors used, their size, dimensions, power consumption and overall performance.
A remarkable mitigation of EMI is achieved after implementing the corrective measures. The calibrated system was tested in a field campaign where more than a
hundred ships were measured over a span of seven days. The results were used to
calculate fuel sulfur content (FSC) and fuel NOx content, which is discussed in detail
in the results section.
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Electrochemical sensors, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, PM2.5, PM10, Photo-ionization Detector, Volatile Organic Compounds, Electromagnetic Interference, Fuel Sulfur Content