Older Drivers’ Information Needs in Road Infrastructure to Prevent Wrong-Way Driving

Abstract

Wrong-way driving (WWD) occurs when a driver starts driving in the opposite direction on the motorway, for instance by entering the motorway from an exit ramp or by making a U-turn. Older drivers are overrepresented when it comes to WWD and even though this problem is rather uncommon, it often results in severe accidents. The topic has been researched in countries such as the US, Germany and Japan but in Sweden, the knowledge about this phenomenon is still limited. The aim of this project was to investigate older drivers and their information needs in road infrastructure to design solutions that can prevent WWD. Insights from a literature review and user studies were translated through a design process into solutions and guidelines. Cognitive and physical capabilities of older drivers as well as common reasons behind WWD were explored through a literature study. User studies were also conducted with the target group. The outcome of the project was a set of guidelines for road design with a focus on older drivers and WWD as well as 9 design concepts with different approaches to prevent WWD such as improved signage, improved road geometry and reduced cognitive load. The study found that WWD is a complex issue that cannot be solved in the same way in all locations and for every situation. The study also found that older adults generally are experienced and safe drivers. Although there are some general tendencies of aging, there can be large individual differences. However, making alterations such as providing clear and repeated information as well as minimising cognitive load and time pressure could make the road infrastructure more adapted to older drivers and thereby prevent the risk of WWD