From forest to framework: Exploring temporary disaster shelters in bamboo

Abstract

We bare witness to increasing climate-related disasters, and the need for rapid, cost-effective, and sustainable emergency shelters has become more urgent than ever. This study explores the potential of bamboo temporary shelters as a viable solution for displaced communities in Brazil, with a focus on the early stages of disaster relief (1–4 weeks post-disaster). By utilizing the Guadua and Bambusa species, a fast-growing and locally available material, the thesis investigates how bamboo can offer a lightweight, biodegradable, and easily assembled shelter alternative. Taking into account the principles of sustainability and humanitarian aid, the research aims to develop a shelter design that prioritizes ease of construction, environmental responsibility, and adaptability to the subtropical conditions of Região Serrana region in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology combines field visits, literature reviews, and hands-on design experimentation. Site visits in the Região Serrana region provide experience into local needs and environmental factors, while research into aid organization guidelines aligns the project with international standards for temporary housing. The study engages with contemporary bamboo construction discourse through literature and practical learning at TIBÁ (Institute of Applied Ecology and Low Impact Architecture), a center specialising in bio-architecture. The design process follows an iterative approach, employing physical modeling and full-scale prototyping of bamboo structures to evaluate structural integrity, assembly efficiency, and material performance. This study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on sustainable disaster relief by exploring the feasibility of bamboo as a scalable, low-cost, and rapidly deployable shelter material. By focusing on self-assembly and biodegradability, the proposed shelter design minimizes reliance on specialized labor while reducing long-term environmental impact. The findings aim to inform both architectural practice and humanitarian efforts, offering a practical blueprint for integrating bamboo-based solutions into disaster response strategies in Brazil and beyond.