Marginal abatement cost comparison of climate improvement measures in civil construction; a study of climate improved concrete, asphalt and fuel alternatives

Abstract

This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of climate improvement measures in civil construction by comparing alternative materials and fuels for asphalt, concrete, and heavy machinery. The research addresses a growing demand for sustainable infrastructure by analyzing the marginal abatement cost (MAC) of selected measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Through a combination of literature review, interviews with industry professionals, and quantitative data from Skanska’s operations, the study constructs a Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) tailored to a hypothetical mid-sized civil project. Key findings highlight that certain measures, such as using recycled asphalt with bio-based binders and transitioning to electric machinery, can offer both environmental benefits and economic advantages. However, barriers such as procurement practices and knowledge gaps among stakeholders often hinder adoption. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrating environmental and financial assessments into project planning to support cost-efficient decarbonization strategies in the construction sector.