Enablers and barriers to adoption of residential solar PV A case study on Swedish households

Abstract

Climate change threatens society and crucial ecosystems, with urgent reductions of greenhouse gas emissions , with renewable energy sources like residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems offering a viable solution. This master's thesis explores the evolving enablers and barriers to the adoption of residential solar PV systems in Swedish households since 2018. Utilizing a qualitative research design, the study gathers data through semi-structured interviews with recent adopters and triangulates these findings with secondary data from a quantitative survey. The empirical findings are then compared to findings from previous case studies on enablers and barriers to adoption of residential solar PV in Sweden. The study utilizes several theoretical frameworks to analyze adoption factors, including Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Pereira's Sensemaking Model, and Venkatesh et al.’s Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Identified enablers include financial benefits from reduced electricity costs and the potential to sell excess electricity, environmental concern, social influence, technology interest, and the desire for energy independence. Additionally, a significant new enabler is the synergy between residential solar PV systems and electric vehicles, enhancing both financial and environmental benefits. Persistent barriers to adoption include high initial costs, administrative hurdles, lack of clear information from suppliers, and property-specific issues such as roof orientation and condition. Although financial barriers have weakened due to decreased installation costs and improved subsidies, administrative and informational challenges continue to impede adoption. The findings underscore the importance of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence and interaction in driving adoption. The study suggests that enhancing institutional support and simplifying regulatory processes could further accelerate the adoption of residential solar PV systems in Sweden. The evolving landscape of enablers and barriers highlights the dynamic nature of technology adoption and the need for continuous adaptation of policies and support mechanisms.