PPP solutions for prefabricated modular housing in post conflict Syria

Abstract

Syria’s prolonged conflict has left over one-third of its housing stock damaged or destroyed and displaced more than 13 million people. Traditional reconstruction methods are too slow, costly, and institutionally demanding for Syria’s current fragile context. This thesis explores the potential of combining Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) with modular prefabricated housing as a feasible solution for large-scale, affordable housing delivery in post-conflict Syria. The study employs a qualitative methodology based on a systematic literature review and six semi structured interviews with stakeholders from development institutions, the private sector, academic researcher, NGOs and International banking institutions. It identifies a key research gap in integrating PPP financing with modular construction technologies in fragile states. Findings show that modular housing offers significant benefits, including speed, cost-efficiency, reduced labor needs, and quality control. However, its application in Syria faces multiple barriers, high capital costs, cultural resistance, legal ambiguity, and weak institutional capacity. The research shows that context-adapted PPP frameworks, utilizing tools such as Islamic finance instruments (e.g., Ijara, Istisna), minimum revenue guarantees, and lifecycle-based blended financing, can help mitigate these risks. The thesis proposes a pilot PPP model to be implemented on secure, state-owned land in relatively stable areas like Aleppo or Homs countryside. The model emphasizes phased implementation, local authority engagement, and transparent governance