Two baths and a lighthouse: A study on exposure and weathering

Abstract

By challenging conventional methods of architectural design and developing a critical narrative, this thesis argues for a shift in the general perception of weathering, moving toward a more nuanced approach to visual ‘unsightly’ deterioration. It closely studies the effect of environmental exposure on the Bohuslän coast, where the rocky and bare landscape leave buildings to the elements, and speculates on design implications to find applications and encourage reflection on the observed findings. This thesis is contextualised in the professional and public perception of architectural weathering, focusing on staining and erosion, which are generally agreed as detrimental processes to be prevented. In parallel with theoretical reasoning on conservation, architectural theory and artistic method, these phenomena are studied in great detail through hand drawing and analog photography. The documentation phase is grounded in the study of three sites: Kallbadhuset in Lysekil, the old health resort Gustafsberg and the lighthouse Stångehuvud in Lysekil. The detailed study of these locations has formed the basis of a material catalogue, illustrating how wood, metal and stone can react to elemental exposure, and defining valuable moments. Reference to photographic practice strengthens the analysis of the illustrated scenes by formulating narrative interpretations. The argumentation is translated into a critical narrative proposing how decay could be a desired outcome of design. The framework of speculative design is defined and forms the parameters of the exploration. The design critiques prevailing approaches to architectural weathering and finds ornamental and narrative value in the decay that occurs in the meeting between two different materials and water or wind. The rust stain created by the intermittent dripping of rain water on a wall becomes one of the characters in a story about the fragility of existence. In this speculative universe with unconventional plot drivers, the exploration in this thesis goes beyond the description of the world as it is and begins to ask questions about how it could be, and in what ways architecture can be a catalyst of change. This thesis builds an argument for the perception of visual deterioration of architectural materials as a valuable process of finishing buildings. It suggests how perception can be altered with the use of analog documentation techniques to visualise architectural narratives of weathering. It has done so by redefining architectural, artistic and conservation theories and methods and landing in a speculative critique of established practice.