Expert versus Novice mariners, a study using eye-tracking in an unfamiliar ship handling simulation scenario
Typ
Examensarbete på grundnivå
Program
Sjökapten 180 hp (sjökaptensexamen)
Publicerad
2023
Författare
Printz, Gabriella
Svartengren, Emil
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
Eye-tracking technology is an area that has a lot of potential in discovering differences and
behaviors of people in many industries. One of these is the maritime industry. This study will
try to find differences in gaze activity between 4th-year Master Mariner students and maritime
pilots. To justify the incorporation of new technology in, for example, education, it is first
important to see if there are differences to be found that can help develop new ways of
transferring knowledge.
The work presented was done at Chalmers University of Technology, where ship handling
simulations were executed by two sample groups that were equipped with eye-tracking glasses
to find differences. Additionally, a questionnaire was filled out by the participants to see the
differences between what they perceived they focused on versus what they actually focused on.
Tracks from the simulation runs were saved and presented to see a difference in the approach
of navigation between the groups.
The result of the study shows that experts divided their gaze activity more between instruments
and visual observations than novices. Novices were mostly focusing on their conning screens
and straight ahead of the ship. When comparing the tracks, a large difference can be seen in the
approaches. Results found show that multiple differences between the groups' gaze activity
could be interesting to explore further such as the use of the navigational equipment. This can
also be seen in the questionnaire responses, as both groups had similar answers for what they
perceived to have focused on but chose to answer with different wording, suggesting they may
have used the equipment for different purposes. Tracks show a distinct difference in approach
execution and experts were a lot more consistent in how they performed each run.
Although the results show us big differences between the groups, delimitations of this study
mean that these results cannot be generalized as the number of participants was low and only
included specific demographics.
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
eye-tracking , novice vs expert, , maritime pilots , heat map