Small big BIM Diffusion of BIM technology in small architecture offices

Abstract

Recently many big construction companies implemented BIM in first hand, proving positive results in complex and major constructions. However, literature has shown that many SMEs in this industry struggle or resist changing toward BIM. This study aimed at understanding how BIM diffusion is developing in small architecture offices in the Swedish market by inquiring to what extent is BIM implementation taking place and identifying what are the recurrent challenges and drivers. Moreover, a literature review was provided to support this study and an institutional theoretical lens was adopted to understand and identify the isomorphic processes taking place for BIM adoption. For this purpose, using a qualitative methodology, interviews were performed in five small architecture offices up to 20 employees and two software companies. Findings show that the client has been stated as being either a driver or a challenge in BIM implementation, depending on the age of the company, growth rate, and type of projects. According to the selected data there is a need for BIM perception and requirements alignment in the market since extensive BIM manuals differ between companies, municipalities and other public clients. Moreover, normative isomorphic pressures have been found to be significant when it comes to education and universities. This creates a demand for the employers to shape their organizations and creates an internal motivation and competence for BIM that spreads through project team members.