Conceptual design database for genetic algorithms optimization: A study to design a database and investigate the prerequisites for software using genetic algorithms to optimize structural systems based on cost and environmental impact

Abstract

The construction industry is undergoing a transformative shift toward environmental sustainability. This shift demands that building projects not only adapt to the traditional benchmarks of time and cost but also integrate considerations to minimize CO2 equivalent emissions. In this context, the critical decision of selecting an optimal structural system during early design phases, such as the concept exploration phase, becomes essential for reducing the environmental footprint in the industry. Therefore, this study explores the possibilities of using genetic algorithms (GA), a kind of multicriteria optimization inspired by the evolution process, to support structural engineers during early design phases. The genetic algorithm’s prerequisites for creating different structural systems are analyzed in this project. The solutions for the systems are evaluated based on material, production, and construction costs and CO2 equivalent emissions. The necessary prerequisites and software design were investigated through workshops and questionnaires targeting experienced structural engineers. Based on the workshop and survey results, a structural design database was created, including aspects such as functionality and buildability. The database includes different elements, such as slabs, walls, columns, and beams. Further, information is implemented in the database, allowing the user to input requirements concerning the buildability, sound class, and fire class. The results from the workshop and surveys demonstrated the importance of including the buildability aspect in the software for the software to be functional. Overall, the software is considered to have the opportunity to become a useful tool for structural engineers during the conceptual design phase, with the approach of creating ideas. Instead of selecting one solution that is considered the most optimal, it would be preferable to present a range of solutions from which the user can choose the most fitting system for the specific project. Besides choosing between different materials, optimizing the material quantity of the total building is crucial to becoming environmentally beneficial.