Implementing Sustainable Port Concept in Indonesia

Abstract

The sustainability concept has been introduced in the early 1700s. The concept of sustainability has developed from the original Triple Bottom Line (TBL): financial, social, and environmental aspects. The changes depend on the type of the industry and its contributions. The United Nations (UN) also agrees that there is a need for collaboration on national and regional levels towards a better future. The UN published Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) in 2015 to help the global movement. Sweden implemented sustainability to its national vision from 1989 with the Natural Step. The Natural Step introduced and brings the competitive advantage. The national vision was also adopted by municipalities, including the Gothenburg Municipality. The Municipality published The City of Gothenburg Green Bond Framework as its reference towards sustainability. The municipality-owned companies are also required to implement it in their business model, including the Port of Gothenburg. The Port of Gothenburg in Sweden is one of the most respectable sustainable ports in the world. Port of Gothenburg practices of sustainable port has been considered as a role model in maritime industries. This study shows the practice of a sustainable port including the difference between sustainable port and green port concept, the concept of sustainability, and the relation to the port industry. This study also shows the comparison of academic sustainability assessments. The most suitable academic assessment used to review Port of Gothenburg's performance towards sustainability. The assessment shows the correlation between four perspectives of Port of Gothenburg's performance from 2015 to 2019. The reviewed sustainable port concept by Port of Gothenburg is used as a best practice to perform the gap analysis of Tanjung Priok Port in Indonesia. Tanjung Priok Port developed the Ecoport concept on its contribution to sustainability. The study resulting in the overview of a sustainable port: the cost and benefit; driving forces; financial, social, environmental, and internal forces performance correlation, and the strategy map. This study also found that there are gaps of Tanjung Priok Port towards sustainability in the financial, social, environmental, and reporting aspects.