Optimization and Increased Value of Solar Panels with Home Battery Systems for Swedish Households

Abstract

Abstract This thesis investigates the techno-economic viability of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems with and without battery energy storage under Swedish market conditions. Using MATLAB, a comparative analysis is conducted for four system configurations: 5 kW and 10 kW PV systems, each with and without a 10 kWh lithium-ion battery. The energy production potential is modeled using PVGIS data, while economic metrics, Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), and payback period are calculated based on current electricity prices, feed-in tariffs, and tax incentives such as Sweden’s “Grön Teknik” deduction. Additionally, the thesis implements and compares two battery control strategies: a rule-based heuristic and a predictive model using price signals to optimize battery dispatch. Results show that PV systems without storage provide the shortest payback and highest NPV, particularly when system size is aligned with household demand. Battery integration improves self-consumption and grid independence but reduces financial performance under current market conditions. Predictive control marginally outperforms rule-based strategies in energy savings but yields limited additional economic benefit. The study concludes that while residential PV is currently a financially sound investment in Sweden, battery adoption remains constrained by cost unless justified by non-monetary benefits or future policy shifts.