Hemp matters; exploring the architectural potential of hemp and lime materials in Sweden

Abstract

The building industry has a significant and undeniable impact on the environment, characterized by high energy consumption, harmful chemical pollution, and waste generated from non-renewable resources. Hemp Matter(s) focuses on hemp-lime, one of many biomaterials with the potential to provide innovative, durable, and ecological alternatives to conventional building systems, ultimately supporting the development of more resilient architecture. This exploration of hemp-lime’s architectural potential in Sweden examines the material’s life cycle, using circularity as a guiding principle for creating sustainable built environments. The research began with the question: How can hemp-based materials help architecture move towards more sustainable and regenerative practices? A literature review helped build foundational knowledge of the constructive properties of hemp-lime while identifying issues and challenges related to its use. A collaboration with the Swedish company EVIA provided experience-based insights and helped bridge the gap between architectural design and construction processes throughout the research. The production of samples was followed by laboratory testing, which yielded data on the material’s thermal and mechanical performance. Additional findings highlighted the multiple benefits of hemp as a rotational crop, including improved soil structure and CO2 sequestration. Hemp’s supply chain shows potential for supporting the regional economy by being locally grown, processed, and manufactured. Moreover, the insulation material fosters circularity, as it can be reused, recycled, or biodegraded. These findings were applied in a design proposal for a showroom located in Lindome, at EVIA’s production site. The project explores the architectural expression of hemp-lime, and its modest scale allows for detailed design of construction elements. It presents replicable and adaptable solutions based on prefabricated wall panels. Hemp Matter(s) aims to shine a light on the re-emergence of hemp as a reliable, sustainable, and beautiful building material, while hopefully contributing one more small step towards a healthier and more resilient society.