Examensarbeten för masterexamen // Master Theses
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- PostA General Method to Solve Numerical Sequence Puzzles(2011) Amirghasemi, Mehrdad; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)
- PostA Natural User Interface and Touchless Interaction. Approach on Web Browsing(2014) LAFKAS, GEORGIOS; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)The aim of this Master’s Thesis is to explore the principles of Natural Interaction and suggest an implementation of a web browsing application that uses them. The research that takes place is examining the ingredients of Natural User Interfaces and Touchless Interaction with a focus on Gestures and Voice. How can those be combined to control an interface? What are the most important things to mind when designing Natural Interfaces and Interactions? These are questions that this report attempts to answer. The final result of the thesis is a prototype web browser application that works only with gestures and voice. The prototype simulates browsing on a number of created web pages. It is implemented using the Microsoft Kinect for XBox sensor and Kinect SDK v1.7 with all the included tools and interaction controls. The browser is undergoing a usability test and the participants are observed and later interviewed to describe their experience. Based on that, the conclusions drawn are that designing an application that uses a Natural Interface needs to provide short and comfortable Gesture and Speech Vocabularies and Feedback mechanisms that inform the user at every point of the interaction. Furthermore, it is concluded that the design of the content for such an application should be different than the traditional design of a webpage for optimal use while responding to implicit input (contextawareness) adds to the naturalness of the interaction. Finally, the setting for using such an application is recommended to be part of a home entertainment system (e.g. smart TV) or public space installation rather than a desktop computer.
- PostA Simulation and Optimization Framework for Evaluating Airline Schedule Robustness(2012) Engström, Carl; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)The airline industry is constantly attempting to find new ways to combat delays and cancellations. Much of the work is done in two fields, the areas of robust airline scheduling and the area of airline recovery. Robust scheduling strives to make schedules that can be executed even though the airline is faced with minor disruptions such as delays. Recovery is focused more towards returning to the original schedule when faced with severe disruptions. A problem with these two areas is that they cannot fully be studied without first having to execute the schedule. This means that airlines must take risks when changing the way they schedule as they can only hope that the effects of their changes are good. For this purpose simulation of airline operations has been utilized in order to estimate these results beforehand. Several tools for simulation are available for use today, but the majority of them only simulate isolated areas or use greatly simplified models. Nevertheless, these have proven to be of great use, not only to airlines but also to other areas of aviation such as airport and airspace congestion control. This thesis shows how such existing simulation tools along with custom-written components can be combined with existing tools for recovery to create a simulation framework that can simulate the day-to-day operations of an airline in a realistic manner. This framework is then used to evaluate performance of airline schedules both from a cost-efficiency and robustness point of view. The obtained results are then compared to historical results and show how interesting performance measures can be obtained from the simulated data.
- PostA study of ambient light-independent multi-touch acquisition and interaction methods for in-cell optical touchscreens(2014) Irri, Philip; Lindblad, Julian; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)This thesis describes an in-cell optical touchscreen, a technology that makes use of light sensors embedded in the LCD layer. The advocates claim decreasing production costs in relation to display size, minimal affect on product design, and unlimited multi-touch functionality, as well as the possibility to acquire 3D spacial-temporal coordinates. The users would also be able to interact not only with their ngers but with all kinds of physical objects. This could challenge the well-established capacitive touch method and revolutionize the way we interact with future touchscreen devices. However, there are still many technical difficulties that needs to be solved before this could be a reality. The major obstacles are ambient light vulnerabilities and dependency on what image is displayed on the screen. This thesis investigates these matters using an in-cell optical touchscreen prototype developed at Semiconductor Energy Laboratory. The thesis compares this device with other similar hardware and their way of solving the above stated problems. Furthermore, theory for touchpoint acquisition using image processing are explained, and a new algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm utilizes an estimation of the ambient illumination and takes the displayed image into consideration in order to calculate touchpoints. Furthermore, other interaction methods such as nger rotation and height above the screen are investigated. Finally, an empirical evaluation was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed algorithm.
- PostA Webpage Structure Processing Algorithm - Extending the Page Tailor Toolkit(2007) Andrén, Lars; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)Research in user preference-based automatic processing on the web, web page content adaptation for a small screen and informative value of web pages have resulted in the design and implementation of an algorithm, called the Domain Heritage-algorithm. This algorithm extends the functionality of the Page Tailor toolkit; a program that is the result of C-Y Tsai’s thesis “Web Page Tailoring Tool for Mobile Devices”. The algorithm extending the toolkit enables automatic processing of web pages where preferences on which parts to be displayed have not been stored. The Domain Heritage-algorithm will not work unless at least one web page of the specific domain visited has been personalised previously. This extended toolkit has then been tested on ten subjects and a number of web sites. The test results were pretty much in accordance with the expectations, but the test subjects’ experience in using the Page Tailor toolkit was found to be quite influential on the rate of successful running of the algorithm. Three major conclusions are made. The first one is that too much editing of the appearance of web page content can result in loss of informative value and successful totally automatic extraction of web page content needs semantic processing. Further, XPaths has been a good choice of data for the algorithm to process as the results of the Big Oanalysis of the running time were acceptable, and that it was possible to implement the algorithm in the existing software. Finally, previous experience in usage of the Page Tailor toolkit, as well as more than one personalised web page is essential to the successful running of the Domain Heritagealgorithm.
- PostAccessibility of Teaching Materials. Exploring Obtainability and Testing Usability in Design of Shareable Teaching Materials(2018) Andersson, Håkan; Everett Eriksson, Sebastian; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för vetenskapens kommunikation och lärande (CLS); Bengmark, Samuel; Ander, MatsIn an age where open-source and creative commons flourish, this report proposes a framework for creators of teaching materials to share and develop these collectively. For shareable teaching materials to work as intended, they need to be accessible to possible recipients. In this study, accessibility is defined as being obtainable and usable. The recipients have been delimited to only include teachers. This study aims to find out how design of teaching materials can affect their accessibility. This is mainly done through usability testing the teaching materials with the help of teachers and teacher students. Data collected through these tests are used to identify shortcomings in accessibility. The teaching materials are then revised with regards to these shortcomings. The teaching materials in this study had been created in advance on a triannual workshop called Kleindagarna. A new methodology was created in this study, pertaining to theories of project planning. This methodology was named KRUT and is based on Adaptive Software Development (ASD), a variant of agile project management, found in computer science and IT. This methodology has been presented as a deliverable. Connected to this deliverable is also a Swedish usability testing manuscript, inspired by a usability testing manuscript created by Steve Krug. These deliverables enable teachers and others to implement usability testing in their own work. It is recommended that any creator of teaching materials, not only teachers, implement usability testing (for example the KRUT-methodology) to improve their materials. The results of this study indicate that teaching materials can be placed on a scale between abstract and concrete. The concrete teaching materials are generally more appreciated by teachers and are easier to understand. One way to make a teaching material more concrete is to design it around one or more student handouts. Based on this study, recommendations can also be made to try to make many small revisions, rather than a few large. One reason for this is that each new revision can be usability tested as soon as it is finished, which raises its potential.
- PostAn Anthropomorphic Solver for Raven's Progressive Matrices(2010) Cirillo, Simone; Ström, Victor; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)This report describes a computer program for solving Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), a multiple choice test of abstract reasoning introduced by Dr. John C. Raven in 1936. Each RPM problem consists of a grid (or matrix) of 2x2 or 3x3 cells with graphical content, where the cell content in the bottom right corner is omitted; the solver's task is to pick the missing content from a set of eight solution candidates. We argue these problems are not only mathematical, but also psychological in nature. Due to this and other considerations such as algorithmic transparency, the program makes use of a simple cognitive model. The program solves RPM problems in a fully automatic fashion, without taking the solution candidates into account. The input is an RPM problem represented as a vector graphics file; the output is a complete or partial solution for the missing entry, represented in the same format. Internally we use multi-layered structures which enable the perception of the problems' different organizational levels. The program was tested on sections C, D and E of the Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM) and produced correct solutions for 28 of the 36 considered problems
- PostANT, Android & Inertial Sensing(2012) NIELSEN, ÓLAFUR; Thoresson, Erik K; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)Approaches to streaming sample data in real time from wireless inertial measurement sensor units to an Android smartphone for sports and event applications using ANT wireless networking are evaluated. Data compression, sensor unit synchronization and general ANT networking issues are discussed in the real time sample streaming context. Test and sample applications are developed and tested, and the overall conclusion is that ANT wireless networking does not provide enough bandwidth for this type of applications - at least not with the number of sensors and the sample rate required for the intended applications. Still ANT wireless networking is found to be useful for control and configuration tasks as showed in a field trial, and potentially useful for transferring data from short measurements sessions at reasonable but not real time speed or for real time streaming of sample data in sensor configurations where a small number of sensors or a low sample rate is used. Moreover other options for future development of the system such as alternative networking systems are discussed.
- PostAntecedents of training transfer A case study of in-house courses at NCC, a Swedish construction and property development company(2015) Gjers, Annie; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)This study investigated work-related factors and trainee characteristics as antecedents of training transfer. The literature review identified seven factors as possible antecedents; selfefficacy, manager support, autonomy, time pressure, expected outcome, learning, and motivation to transfer. These factors were assessed using a quantitative questionnaire that was sent out to participants in the two courses Partnering and Cost control at NCC, a swedish construction and property development company. Correlation analysis demonstrated that selfefficacy, different kinds of manager support, learning, and motivation to transfer had a positive relationship to training transfer. Multiple linear regression modelling indicated that motivation to transfer is important to training transfer. These results are in line with previous research. The survey research was complemented with interviews with enquirers of the two investigated courses. The purpose of the interviews was to capture NCC’s goals and expectations of the outcome of the courses. When relating the results of the interviews with the results of the questionnaire, it seems like NCC’s formal goals and expectations are met. The majority of the employees learn and transfer what they are supposed to. The enquirers’ expectations of the courses are also in line with the employees’.
- PostAnthropomorphic Proof System for First-Order Logic(2010) Nizamani, Abdul Rahim; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)
- PostArchitecture and Learning - The role of physical space in educational settings(2020) Bergström, Jonas; Lindberg, Angelica; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för vetenskapens kommunikation och lärande (CLS); Bengmark, Samuel; Crona, KajsaThe engineering education is in the midst of transformation, and with that, a need for new learning environments arises. This study investigates the impact of the physical space on perceived learning, through the perspective of engineering students in higher education. It uses the lens of Challenge-based Learning in the strive to give recommendations for the future design of learning environments. To accomplish this goal, an engineering course was followed and assessed using direct observations, student and instructor surveys, and a student focus group interview. The questions were designed around planning and execution for the instructor surveys, and identified environmental factors of the physical space as well as defined learning for the student surveys and interview. The observations were used to document the factors of the physical space and the use of, and activities taking place within, the physical learning environment. The results of the study indicated an effect of physical space on perceived learning, where specific factors showed to influence specific parts of the defined learning. It was concluded that the physical space was one of three actors with power to influence learning, with the other two being identified as pedagogy and instructor. This study emphasises the importance of considering what type of learning is intended for the physical learning spaces, both in architectural design and evaluation, as the interaction between pedagogy and space was the focal point of the conclusion.
- PostAssessing Cognitive Workload Between Different Tasks - Using EEG to develop and examine a method to measure variation of cognitive workload between different levels of difficulty(2020) Apelgren, Fanny; Pettersson, Ida; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för vetenskapens kommunikation och lärande (CLS); Bengmark, Samuel; Lendero, EvaAssessing cognitive workload is an important tool, for example when evaluating different techniques for improving prostheses. Here, we have developed a method to compare how the cognitive workload differs if a prosthesis has sensory feedback or not. We have used electroencephalogram (EEG) and performed a pilot study on ten intact limb subjects. An easy and hard level were constructed by changing the weight of a force sensitive cube that were to be lifted back and forth over a barrier while counting sounds in an auditory oddball task. A third level consisted of only the oddball task. The difference in difficulty between the different levels were verified by measuring performance, and perceived effort. On a group level, these measurements all indicated that the no task condition was easiest, and the hard task condition was most demanding. Measurements of the number of lifts for different repetitions of the easy and hard conditions also showed signs of a learning effect during the performance of the easy task. The cognitive workload was measured by using the event-related potentials (ERP) technique and frequency bands. The results showed that the ERP component P3 was the only one that could indicate a significant difference between all three levels. A comprised measurement (consisting of the sum of ERP components N1, P2, P3, and LPP) and the alpha frequency bands (low-, high-, and broadband alpha) also showed a significant effect between some of the conditions.
- PostAugmented Table Tennis(2015) AMODEO, ANDREA; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)This Master Thesis work is meant to explore which possibilities an augmented ping pong table can enable during the training process and what kind of consequences the introduction of technology would bring in the near future. Table tennis is a sport supported by technology only through reviewing of camera records, providing qualitative information which can be transformed in quantitative through long frame-by-frame processing. The developed system is able to detect the impact positions of the ball on the table and projects versatile visualizations as training scenarios, games and interactive displays directly on the table, thanks to data analysis and a programming environment. During the project execution, a prototype has been used as a mediating tool to gather data from athletes and coaches belonging to a local Swedish table tennis club and a Spanish center of high performances for professional players and coaches. Information has been gathered also from an exhibition in a mall, getting opinions from the passers-by. The research has been carried out within the field of interaction design, by using user centered design and methods such as interviews, focus groups, observations, prototyping and user evaluations. The exploration confirmed the adoption of such technology in table tennis can bring benefits for coaches and athletes all through the training process. Objective data assists the detection of weaknesses and their causes and the evaluation of the applied corrections. The system improves the communication between the coach and the player and the latter‟s self-consciousness. The system can support different kind of skill levels and the technology can assist the training but never substitute the role of the coach. The results have been synthesized in the form of the prototype description and a list of requirements for a further version of the system. The system needs improvements from the reliability and stability points of view and its usage can be extended in the future for other purposes as game industry and sport broadcasting.
- PostAugmenting Suburbia Guidelines for making computer-augmented tabletop games easier to learn(2015) Ljunggren, Sebastian; Lundquist, Andreas; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)The goal of this thesis is to investigate how computer-augmented tabletop games and games in general can become easier to learn. This has been done by designing, implementing and user testing a prototype of a CATG, Augmented Suburbia. This prototype is a CATG-implementation of the tabletop game Suburbia. Based on the experience of creating and user testing Augmented Suburbia, twelve guidelines for how to design CATGs that are easy to learn have been developed. In addition, concepts that show how the guidelines can be used have been designed. In the future, these guidelines need to be validated through actual usage. While the guidelines were created with CATGs in mind, another future direction is to investigate to what extent they are applicable to game design in general.
- PostAutomated Planners and Planning analysis with Durative Actions(2012) FAKHTEH YAVARI, GHAZAL; vaziri, yasaman; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)Today’s need for efficient and effective automated planning has brought about a distinct set of planning approaches focused on different quantifiable results, namely time and resource consumption. The planning problems are diverse and touch many aspects of day-today life. Whether it is for finding the shortest route of travel in presence of traffic to selection of investment strategies, planning routines are in place to meet the needs of everyone and every machine. Most existing planning domains contain actions, which have common parameters such as duration, timing, resource consumption, and in some cases resource generation. This master thesis seeks to find the most optimal planner to solve Logistics problems. Logistics problems utilize time, space, resources and actions thus they represent an ideal case to assess planners and underlying algorithms in how they deal with complexity of issues, how much time they utilize in generating a plan and how many steps they use in reaching the goal. The combination of these factors points to the optimal planner suitable for logistics planning. Planners are reviewed, analysis is undertaken and the most optimal solution is identified through practical experiments.
- PostAutomatic detection of images containing nudity : Image detection using artificial neural networks and statistical methods(2008) Carlsson, Andreas; Eriksson, Andreas; Isik, Mikael; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)This thesis discusses the possibilities of detecting images containing nudity using computer algorithms. We are only focusing on sexually explicit images. Our approach is to extract features such as skin, faces and regions, which can be used to classify images. We have investigated the advantages of the two color spaces RGB and IHLS when detecting skin. The difference in performance between the two, are illustrated in ROC graphs. The technology used is artificial neural networks, statistical methods and advanced image processing. Artificial neural networks are used for skin pixel segmentation, face detection, and image classification. Gaussian mixture models have been tested, but was too computationally heavy and was also outperformed by artificial neural networks. The separate parts performs well, but our approach using an artificial neural network with features as input does not perform as well as expected in its current state, and needs some modifications, which are proposed in the section future work. The research problem was proposed by NetClean Technologies Sweden AB.
- PostAutomotive engineering designers’ unconscious decision making(2020) Bergenstråhle, Robin; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för vetenskapens kommunikation och lärande (CLS); Bengmark, Samuel; Wickenberg, JanIn this study knowledge from engineers working with product development is captured, verifed and analysed using the engineering check sheet method. The engineering check sheet method applies iterative interviews to capture knowledge from experienced engineers. The captured knowledge is analysed and put into a checklist and categorised using the categories `Know-What', `Know-Why' and `Know-How'. Through additional interviews with engineers, it was found that the engineering check sheets to a high degree re ect their work process, even if there were some deviations due to information being outdated. When the engineering check sheets were analysed, 15 reoccurring themes were identifed. Of these, more than half presents knowledge on how to thin slice the available information in product development.
- PostAutonomous Topic-Based Website Categorization(2013) Saberi, Golnaz; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)Internet has influenced many aspects of our social, economical, educational and professional life. Because of the unique communication means it offers, the internet has grown dramatically since its advent. On the other hand, the ever growing volume of data on the internet has given rise to the demand for establishment of structure on this data. Ranking and indexing web pages by search engines, creation of hierarchical taxonomies of web resources, research on autonomous web page and website classification, are examples of attempts for construction of such structure. This project includes a study of autonomous website classification. This process has been researched for various purposes and on different levels, especially to improve search engines and directory services. However, the idea of this project comes from a different active area on the internet, i.e. online advertisement. One of the most common sorts of online advertisement are banner ads which are basically published randomly; however, ad servers try to use algorithms to improve the effectiveness of banner ads by publishing them intelligently. One way to do this is to correlate topic of ads and websites they are placed on. The current project is an attempt towards classification of websites based on their main topic. This work contains a brief study of different web page and website categorization methods conducted to date, as well as implementation of a classification algorithm and analysis of its effectiveness. The implementation consists of creating a graph model of websites and leveraging their link structure for pruning noisy web pages. In addition, a brief description of text classification methods and its relation to the purpose of this project is presented. In this study textual content as well as hyperlink information contained in a website are used to construct a vector space model which is applied for classification by support vector machines (SVM) learning model.
- PostBarriers and success factors for collaborative active learning in a glocal course(2019) Sjöholm, Emil; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för vetenskapens kommunikation och lärande (CLS); Bengmark, Samuel; Sterner, Erik; Stöhr, ChristianThere is a need for negotiation and collaborative skills across geographical and cultural borders to tackle the sustainability challenges of today. To enable and train future leaders, policy mak-ers, advisors and scientists in these skills, a concept for a glocal collaborative programme fo-cusing on economics of sustainable development in a changing climate is being developed. Where glocal is the combination of global and local, both particularizing and universalising. The programme is being developed by the organisation Environment for Development, which focuses on research and higher education in developing countries. The pilot for this glocal collaborative programme is a glocal course about environmental policy with flipped classroom and active learning as core pedagogical concepts. As this will be a pilot course which eventually will be expanded there is a need to find potential success factors and barriers. This especially for the main exercise in the course about environmental policy as it focuses on glocal collaboration and the students changing of perspectives. The study used a qualitative approach with nine semi structured interviews as the main data source. The analysis used an inductive thematic approach and found eight themes, four of which were success factors and four which were barriers. The success themes were that (1) the exercise was perceived as fun and motivating, (2) the students and teachers perceived learning, (3) tech-nical tools enhanced learning and (4) the students felt that the exercise made the world a smaller place. The barriers were (1) problems with the collaborative work and discussion, (2) technical problems, (3) that a few students made broad and generalizing remarks from a small data pool and (4) smaller practical problems. All in all, there seems to be a solid foundation to expand upon the course and there was also a wish from the students that the interaction between countries would expand. In other words, to expand the exercise or having similar ones seems to be something that could enable learning. But the barriers should also be addressed during the next run of the exercise.
- PostBetween challenge and solution: STATUSCOPE – a tool for designing status communication in highly automated vehicles(2014) Szymaszek, Agnieszka; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för tillämpad informationsteknologi (Chalmers); Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Applied Information Technology (Chalmers)The task of designing human-machine interfaces for automated driving remains a largely unexplored area. The research on human factors in context of vehicle automation provides insights into a number of aspects that need to be considered. Specific requirements and recommendations can be found as well as proposals for design frameworks. Although extensive knowledge on automated systems exists, its implications for design are not always straightforward. This work thus bridge the gap between current research findings and the request for new design solutions by proposing a tool STATUSCOPE that allows to explore the design space of status communication in highly automated vehicles in a tangible and dynamic form. By exploring the design space of status communication for automated driving via categories, aspects and their properties, the STATUSCOPE tool provides designers with a starting point to approach this challenge. The proposed aid can serve to generate new ideas, make conscious decisions about design as well as analyze existing concepts. It is to be used in a group or individually, and can be especially suitable for teams where designers need to mediate with experts of various fields. Both human-centered and technology-driven development is supported. The design space represented in the STATUSCOPE has been identified by a structured literature review, with use of content analysis methods, and tested with industry experts in workshops. The format of this design support was created in an iterative process in which it has been continuously improved. The benefit of the tool is that it delivers research findings in a format that can be readily used in design-oriented activities, thus transforming the complexity of the subject into a tangible and playful creativity support. This approach not only applies the concept of design space within the automotive domain, but also extends it to a hands-on tool facilitating interaction design.