Variability of nominally identical components and their influence in an assembly - Applications to a Volvo XC90
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Typ
Examensarbete för masterexamen
Master Thesis
Master Thesis
Program
Applied mechanics (MPAME), MSc
Publicerad
2017
Författare
Dorendorf, Gesa
Modellbyggare
Tidskriftstitel
ISSN
Volymtitel
Utgivare
Sammanfattning
Mechanical engineering is important in many engineering industries, for instance the automotive industry. It allows the developement of improved and more complex products. The automotive industry possesses one of the biggest markets worldwide and is affected by a high level of competition. Thousands of nominally identical cars are manufactured everyday. Due to production tolerances, variable properties as well as other uncertainties, a spread of properties is observed for nominally identical products. To performe time and cost efficient analyses of engineering products, computer aided engineering (CAE) is increasingly used. The finite element (FE) method allows fast analyses and modifications of large, complex structures, prior to manufacturing the product. A central issue with FE simulations is the verification of the model, i.e. that the FE model predicts the real model behavior with proper accuracy. Thus, for the verification process, a data set apart from the FE model is required, which is usually obtained by an experimental modal analysis (EMA). The EMA of nominally identical components can help to identify uncertainties and variations in these components. These uncertainties and variations can be used to improve the accuracy of corresponding FE models due to implementation of variations. Otherwise, they indicate also an issue for FE models because EMAs are not performed for all components and thus the upper and lower boundaries of the uncertainties and variations are not completely known. This thesis comprises studies in this field of interest, i.e. the quantification of the variability influence of nominally identical components in an assembly. Two rear subframes of a Volvo XC90 (2015) car are assembled to the same body in white (BIW) and analyzed experimentally as well as with CAE. The FE models are validated for a defined frequency range. A sensor placement for the BIW is evaluated based on the method of effective independence. Furthermore, an experimental test setup is developed. An FE model updating with respect to a data set of vibration measurements is performed for one rear subframe. This includes the updating of stiffness and thickness parameters in the FE model by minimzing a frequency based deviation metric using equalized damping. During the calibration procedure, the bootstrapping method is used to estimate statistical informations, i.e. uncertainties of the calibration parameters. With the use of an additional calibrated rear subframe, the spread in properties for the nominally identical rear subframes is analyzed. Furthermore, an assembly of the BIW and the two subframes is analyzed numerically as well as experimentally. The FE simulation uses a substructuring approach using the component mode synthesis method, i.e. the Craig-Bampton method. In the EMA, the subframes are mounted as suggested by the Volvo Car Corporation, and the dynamic responses of the two assemblies are analyzed with the main focus on the response measured on the BIW. Results of the FE analysis are compared with results of the EMA and thus differences between the two assemblies of a BIW and two nominally identical rear subframes analyzed. The studies denote the rubber bushing stiffnesses in the interface of the subframes to the BIW as the parameters which cause the largest differences between the two assemblies. Other properties such as plate thicknesses and Young’s moduli of steel parts are found to cause less differences. Further, differences are related to the fixed-interface modes of the individual subframes. Keywords: Experimental modal analysis, model updating, structural dynamics, component mode synthesis, Craig-Bampton, uncertainty quantification, effects in assemblies, system identification, automotive industry
Beskrivning
Ämne/nyckelord
Transport , Teknisk mekanik , Farkostteknik , Transport , Applied Mechanics , Vehicle Engineering