Examensarbeten på grundnivå

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https://odr.chalmers.se/handle/20.500.12380/49

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Effekten av mängden varningsskyltar på uppmärksamhet och säkerhetsmedvetenhet på arbetsplatsen
(2024) Muhiti, Farshid; Sjögren Wentzel, Tor-Björn; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för mekanik och maritima vetenskaper; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences; Larsson, Martin; Lundh, Monica
Visuell kommunikation spelar en viktig roll för säkerheten på arbetsplatsen, särskilt i maritima miljöer där farorna är många. I den här studien undersöks hur antalet varningsskyltar påverkar individers förmåga att uppfatta och minnas säkerhetsinformationen. Forskningen fokuserar på sjöingenjörsstudenter för att förstå deras uppfattning av varningsskyltar i maskinrum, ett kritiskt område ombord på fartyg där arbetet innehåller risker och utförs i en utmanande arbetsmiljö. Eye-tracking och strukturerade intervjuer användes för att undersöka deltagarnas visuella uppmärksamhet när de exponeras för bilder som visar varierande antal varningsskyltar. Resultatet visade att ett ökat antal skyltar gjorde det svårare för deltagarna att uppfatta informationen samt att deltagarna tenderade att fokusera på skyltar gällande personsäkerhet.
Hantering av svart- och gråvatten: En studie om kunskapsnivån hos berörda aktörer
(2024) Sten, Karl; Nordberg, Mattias; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för mekanik och maritima vetenskaper; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences; Lundh, Monica; Skoog, Jan
Enligt utredningar som gjorts på fartyg har det framgått att utsläppen från dess renade svart- och gråvatten, alltså fartygets avloppsvatten, inte har varit tillräckligt rena. Det visade sig att trots att många fartyg använde typgodkända system som borde rena tillräckligt bra för att klara reglerna fungerade inte systemen som de borde på grund av okunskap och bristande handhavande. Denna rapport utreder kunskapsnivån hos examinerade samt studerande sjöingenjörer. Denna utredning gjordes via en surveyundersökning. Intervjuer gjordes med maskinister samt med personer som arbetar på företag som utvecklar system som renar svart- och gråvattnet. Dessa intervjuades för att reda ut vad man som maskinist behöver kunna för att systemen skall fungera på ett korrekt sätt. De svarade även på vad som skulle behövas i en utbildning om dessa typer av system. Det som framkom efter undersökningen och intervjuerna var att det finns en kunskapslucka när det kommer till svart- och gråvatten och att det i sin tur leder till ökade utsläpp av skadliga ämnen. I undersökningen uppmanades maskinister och studenter att utvärdera sig själva i vad de tyckte att de kunde samt tyckte om ämnet. Därefter fick de ett kunskapstest. Detta visade att det fanns ett intresse samt ett behov av en utbildning. I intervjuerna framgick det tydligt vad en maskinist bör ha för kunskap samt vad för konsekvenser som bristande kunskap kan leda till. Implementering av hantering av svart- och gråvatten i läroplanen för sjöingenjörer kan leda till mindre utsläpp av skadliga ämnen samt en säkrare arbetsplats ombord.
Slow steaming and further emission reductions: A study in collaboration with MAN Energy Solutions
(2024) Månsson, Mattias; Johansson, Axel; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för mekanik och maritima vetenskaper; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences; Salo, Kent; Dahlander, Petter
The shipping industry is responsible for a significant amount of the emission emitted into the atmosphere, therefore there is of high importance to reduce both fuel consumption and the emissions. Slow steaming and other fuel reduction strategies has the potential to help reduce the climate impact from shipping. The report uses engine operational data collected from MAN Energy Solutions test facility in Copenhagen, combined with peer reviewed literature studies and IMO commission guidelines. The operational data is from a MAN B&W Two-stroke 7G60ME-C10.5 with SMCR 12100 kW 82 rpm engine. At different operating ranges, emissions of NOx, SOx, CO, and CO2 are examined to determine which emissions increase and which decrease at different loads to select operating modes to reduce both fuel consumption and emissions. In addition, which fuels, engine tuning (Tier II or Tier III) that complies with the laws and regulations implemented by IMO. For the examined engine it is shown that operating the engine at 65% load, the fuel to power ratio will be optimal, while considering further emission reduction loads below 65% will always produce less emission due to lower engine fuel demand. The limitations of this report are as follows: the report only examines the engine's exhaust emissions and does not implement exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, the report does not consider external factors such as wind, waves, water currents, or other weather conditions; the report also does not examine how slow steaming affects the engine in terms of wear and tear.
The suitability of placing batteries near the hull sides from a collision and safety perspective: Based on statistics and simulation data
(2024) Pedersen, Magne; Perryd Mattsson, Johanna; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för mekanik och maritima vetenskaper; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences; Olindersson, Fredrik; Hogström, Per
The ambition to decrease global greenhouse gas emissions is more prevalent than ever, and all industries must do their part to reach that goal. The shipping industry plays a vital role, as a large part of the international transport is being done by ships. There are many ideas and potential solutions on how to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide from the shipping industry, and those are largely focused on alternative fuel types. Building ships that use batteries as an energy source for propulsion is a concept that is evolving more and more, but it does come with limitations, which are most obvious when it comes to the range of operation and the infrastructure needed to charge those batteries. To expand the range of operation of the ship it can be tempting to make use of every available space to store batteries, for example spaces close to the side casing or within the double hull, but the reason why the space is empty to begin with, or is used for some other purpose, is often due to the safety or stability of the vessel. The spaces that are constructed from a safety perspective are often found around tanks that can contain sensitive cargo or bunker, like chemicals and oil, which could damage the environment if they were to leak out in case of an accident where the hull would be damaged. Batteries are prone to catch fire if they are short circuited due to deformation, therefore placing batteries in spaces that can be exposed to deformation in a collision carries a potential risk, since a potential fire can lead to more substantial damage on the ship than what the collision alone would have made. This study aims to answer if it is appropriate to place batteries where they risk being hit in a collision with another ship, the sea bottom, or a berth. Statistical and simulation data regarding hull damages, accident distribution, and a battery’s resilience against deformation is compiled in a systematic literature review and then used to create a risk analysis on the appropriate placement of batteries. The results show that battery cells can only be deformed by a few millimetres before the cell fails, meaning that the risk of fire is high in a collision if the deformation would reach the batteries.
Two dimensional axisymmetric optimization of intermediate compressor duct
(2024) Hessman Tanman, Robert; Chalmers tekniska högskola / Institutionen för mekanik och maritima vetenskaper; Chalmers University of Technology / Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences; Xixto, Carlos; Jonaaon, Isak
The civil aviation industry is a well established option for fast and secure intercontinental transport of people and freight. The continuous use of aerospace propulsion as a modern day means of transportation contributes to the emissions of harmful gases that in excess contributes to the decay of the environment. Engineers are continuously making progress in optimizing the gas turbine engines used for aerospace propulsion in order to reduce the fuel consumption. There has been great progress over the years since the gas turbines was first introduced in aerospace propulsion during the second world war. The first gas turbine engines on aircraft’s where very loud and not very efficient in terms of reliability, lifespan and fuel consumption. The initial application for these engines where on military aircraft’s as it would take sometime before it was adapted by civil aviation, replacing the piston propeller engines. The turbofan engine is currently widely used by civil aviation for its propulsive efficiency with a high bypass and pressure ratio. The progress made over the last two centuries has been greatly affected by the invention of commercial computational fluid dynamics software’s. Numeric optimizations can now be coupled with CFD software’s that allows for optimization of complete modules and parts of the engine. This method aids engineers in reducing the wight and optimizing the performance on a component basis of the turbofan engine in order to reduce the emissions of harmful greenhouse gases.

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