Rock'n screen: Effektivisering av siktar genom styrning av siktparametrar
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Examensarbete för kandidatexamen
Bachelor Thesis
Bachelor Thesis
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Modellbyggare
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Volymtitel
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Sammanfattning
De två huvudaktiviteterna vid en stenkrossanläggning är krossning och siktning av stenmaterial.
Krossarna är den del som har kommit längst i sin utveckling och här förekommer idag en viss form av
aktiv styrning. Siktar, däremot, ställs in och optimeras då de installeras och sedan med jämna
mellanrum exempelvis i samband med service eller siktsållsbyten.
Projektet Rock´n Screen – effektivisering av siktar genom styrning av siktparametrar startades därför
i syfte att utforska möjligheterna att styra även siktarna och på så vis effektivisera denna del av
processen. Styrningen inriktades mot de tre parametrarna slag, frekvens och siktsållets lutning.
En stor del av arbetet under projektet har bestått i att konstruera och bygga en laborationssikt, som
sedan skulle användas för utvärdering av parametrarnas inverkan på siktningens utfall. Labbsikten
skulle givetvis erbjuda en möjlighet till variering av de tre intressanta parametrarna. För att i
framtiden kunna minska antalet fysiska tester evaluerades även datorprogrammet EDEMs
möjligheter till simulering av siktförloppet. EDEM är ett program som används för att simulera
partikelflöden.
Bygget gick över förväntan. Slag, frekvens och lutning gick bra att variera och sikten finns nu på
Chalmers tekniska högskola i Göteborg för fortsatt testverksamhet. När sikten var färdigställd och
provkörd inleddes testerna. Försöken utfördes efter ett schema som lades upp med hjälp av den
statistiska metoden fraktionerad faktordesign. Metoden innebär att man ger varje parameter ett
hög- och ett lågvärde vilket medför att man kan testa flera parametrars inverkan utan att behöva
testa alla olika parameterkombinationer. Således utfördes tester med fyra, istället för åtta, olika
kombinationer av de tre parametrarna.
Eftersom det utfördes så få tester användes bara en hög respektive en låg inställning av de olika
parametrarna och således ska resultatet endast ses som vägledande. Testerna visade dock på att
högt slag och hög lutning ger en liten mängd överkorn, frekvensen har i det här fallet ingen större
inverkan. Vill man istället ha lite underkorn bör alla parametrarna hållas låga. Även parametrarnas
inverkan på siktkapacitet och materialbädd studeras och diskuteras. Här pekar resultaten på att
slaget är den parameter som har störst enskild inverkan på kapaciteten men att man bör ha två
parametrar höga för att få en hög kapacitet. När det gäller materialbädden ger lågt inställda
parametrar en bättre bädd, detta hänger dock troligen samman med att matningen är konstant
mellan de olika testen.
Avslutningsvis blev EDEM-simuleringarna mycket grundläggande då tillgången till simuleringsdatorn
var väldigt begränsad. Det framkom dock att programmet har en väldigt stor potential och med en
logaritmisk partikelfördelning, istället för den slumpmässiga som användes, bör man kunna simulera
siktprocessen på ett trovärdigt sätt och på så vis spara både tid och pengar.
The two main activities at a rock crushing plant are the crushing and screening of rock material. The crushers are today the most developed machines in the process and they sometimes have a real-time control system. Screens, however, are only optimized when they are installed and the settings are seldom updated. A real-time control system would probably increase performance and therefore the project Rock'n Screen – optimization of vibrating screens through real time control was started. This project aims to explore the possibilities to control screens and through this improve the screening process. The goal is to control the three parameters stroke, frequency and the inclination of the screen surface. A main effort during the project has consisted of constructing and building a test screen, which would provide the opportunity to examine the parameters effect upon screening. The test screen was built to offer the possibility of varying the different parameter settings. In order to investigate if the number of physical tests could be reduced in the future the computer program EDEM was evaluated. EDEM offers the possibility of simulating particle flows, which in this project was used to simulate a vibrating screen. The completed test screen exceeded its expectations. The ability to vary the stroke, frequency and inclination really worked well and the test screen is now located at the Chalmers university of technology for further testing. A testing schedule was constructed using the statistical method fractional factorial design, in which you give all parameters a high and a low value and thereafter test different combinations. The method gives the opportunity to examine different parameters’ influence without testing all possible combinations of the parameters. Hence, in this project, only four combinations were tested out of the maximal eight. The few number of tests, although time saving is a disadvantage when it comes to the validity of the results. Hence they should only be used as a guideline. The results of the tests indicates that a high setting in the stroke and inclination gives less oversized particles and that the frequency does not affect this number at all. If the desire is to reduce the number of undersized particles all the parameters should have a low setting. Unfortunately the test simulations in EDEM only covered the fundamentals since access to the computer with software was limited. However the results showed that the program has a great potential and with the use of a logarithmic particle distribution instead of the random distribution that was used in this project, EDEM could be used as a great tool when simulating vibrating screens.
The two main activities at a rock crushing plant are the crushing and screening of rock material. The crushers are today the most developed machines in the process and they sometimes have a real-time control system. Screens, however, are only optimized when they are installed and the settings are seldom updated. A real-time control system would probably increase performance and therefore the project Rock'n Screen – optimization of vibrating screens through real time control was started. This project aims to explore the possibilities to control screens and through this improve the screening process. The goal is to control the three parameters stroke, frequency and the inclination of the screen surface. A main effort during the project has consisted of constructing and building a test screen, which would provide the opportunity to examine the parameters effect upon screening. The test screen was built to offer the possibility of varying the different parameter settings. In order to investigate if the number of physical tests could be reduced in the future the computer program EDEM was evaluated. EDEM offers the possibility of simulating particle flows, which in this project was used to simulate a vibrating screen. The completed test screen exceeded its expectations. The ability to vary the stroke, frequency and inclination really worked well and the test screen is now located at the Chalmers university of technology for further testing. A testing schedule was constructed using the statistical method fractional factorial design, in which you give all parameters a high and a low value and thereafter test different combinations. The method gives the opportunity to examine different parameters’ influence without testing all possible combinations of the parameters. Hence, in this project, only four combinations were tested out of the maximal eight. The few number of tests, although time saving is a disadvantage when it comes to the validity of the results. Hence they should only be used as a guideline. The results of the tests indicates that a high setting in the stroke and inclination gives less oversized particles and that the frequency does not affect this number at all. If the desire is to reduce the number of undersized particles all the parameters should have a low setting. Unfortunately the test simulations in EDEM only covered the fundamentals since access to the computer with software was limited. However the results showed that the program has a great potential and with the use of a logarithmic particle distribution instead of the random distribution that was used in this project, EDEM could be used as a great tool when simulating vibrating screens.
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Produktion, Övrig annan teknik, Production, Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified