Urban Green Networks as Facilitator for Social Cohesion; An Assessment of Hisingen in Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract

Urbanization is rapidly transforming cities worldwide, often leading to the shrinking and fragmentation of urban green spaces, which can intensify social inequality stress, and ecological loss. While the environmental benefits of greenery are well documented, its role as social infrastructure that fosters belonging and interaction remains less explored. This study examines how urban green space networks can strengthen social cohesion by fostering co-presence and interaction among diverse groups. It identifies the spatial and design qualities that contribute to these outcomes, while incorporating an urban green mobility perspective to understand how connectivity and movement between green spaces influence social engagement. The research develops design and planning strategies to strengthen social cohesion through urban green networks. It creates a framework of spatial qualities that support social interaction, formulates design guidelines from literature and case studies, and applies them to Hisingen, from Frihamnen to Eriksberg in Gothenburg, Sweden. The study follows an iterative research-by-design approach linking theory with spatial proposals. A mixed-method approach was used. First, literature and reference projects identified key spatial qualities for social cohesion. Second, GIS-based network analysis examined the accessibility and connectivity for green spaces in Hisingen. Third, on-site observations explored patterns of use and interaction in selected spaces. These finding informed the final design proposals. The analysis revealed that although green spaces are widely present in Hisingen, many remain fragmented by poor connectivity, steep terrain, unclear entrances, and limited accessibility. Färjenäsparken demonstrated the strongest social potential due to its good accessibility, clear circulation, and diverse activities, while other parks showed lower potential for social interaction due to physical barriers and fewer amenities.