Transitioning to electric construction vehicles and machinery: A study of Swedish and Norwegian experiences

Abstract

Greenhouse gas emissions are increasing. As a result, global environmental goals have been developed to limit environmental impact. These goals form the basis of the goals, visions, and incentives established at a national level. Sweden intends to be a leader in the transition and has established laws, regulations, and incentives to steer the country in that direction. The provisions aim, among other things, at the electrification of vehicles, including construction and civil engineering machinery. However, there is uncertainty regarding how the transition should be carried out in practice and what it will entail. The thesis is conducted in collaboration with Swedish and Norwegian representatives from the multinational construction company Veidekke. The thesis investigates the transition toward an electric worksite. More specifically, what conditions are necessary for a successful transition towards electric vehicles and machinery, how relevant actors view the transition in terms of responsibilities and change management, and the consequences of such transition. The thesis aims to provide a basis for decisions for actors who contemplate making the transition toward electric vehicles and machinery. Through empirical research based on interviews with relevant actors both within and outside of the construction industry, an observation at a construction site that utilizes electric machinery, and executive summaries of reports and studies that map theoretical and practical needs and consequences of a transition towards electric construction sites, it is found that the implementation of electric machinery is complex and requires substantial logistical, technical, and contractual consideration. Moreover, it is concluded that there are ambiguities regarding the economic, logistical, and technical feasibility that need to be addressed before a large-scale transition is advantageous. Finally, based on the findings, recommendations for future research are formulated.